The Fur Trade
What early industry started the fur trade on the east coast?
The cod fishery
Why did many Métis settle in Red River?
It was between Montreal (shipping) and western trading posts.
Where was Acadia located?
The Maritimes (Nova Scotia, PEI, New Brunswick).
What region sparked the Seven Years’ War?
The Ohio Valley
What does “assimilate” mean?
To make one culture become part of another.
Why did French traders begin moving westward during Phase 2?
Beaver and game became scarce from overhunting.
Which two provinces saw new trading posts by the 1700s?
Alberta and Manitoba
What did the Mi’kmaq call their homeland?
Mi’kma’ki.
Name the French and British generals at the Battle of the Plains of Abraham.
Marquis de Montcalm & General Wolfe
What did the Proclamation Line aim to do?
Protect First Nations land by stopping colonists from moving west.
What company got a monopoly over Rupert’s Land in 1670?
The Hudson's Bay Company (HBC)
Which two Indigenous groups clashed as the Cree moved west?
Cree and the Blackfoot Confederacy.
Why did the Mi’kmaq allow the French to settle on their land?
They had a peaceful trading partnership; French didn’t try to conquer them.
What city did Britain capture in 1759?
Quebec
Why didn’t Canadiens “become British” as the Proclamation expected?
They kept their language, customs, and religion
What food became essential for voyageurs and freight haulers during westward expansion?
Pemmican
Why is Quebec still mainly French today?
Early settlement patterns from the fur trade persisted.
What did Acadians build to farm salt marshes?
Digues (dikes).
Which side won the Battle of Sainte-Foy in 1760?
The French
Name TWO rights restored to Canadiens in 1774.
Catholic Church influence + French civil law + ability to hold office with oath.
Name TWO reasons the fur trade declined in Phase 5.
Scarce buffalo/beaver + drop in European demand.
What were the TWO major geographic divisions in the competition between Britain and France?
Atlantic Coast (colonies) & Interior (fur-rich region).
Why did France claim Acadia as “French” even though they never conquered the Mi’kmaq?
They considered it home since 1604 and had generations of settlers living there
What did France keep after losing almost all of North America?
Guadeloupe + Saint-Pierre & Miquelon + cod fisheries in Newfoundland.
What controversial change did the Quebec Act make to Quebec’s borders?
Expanded them into Indigenous territories without consultation.