Logical Fallacies
an appeal that you should do something simply because everyone else is allegedly doing the same thing
bandwagon
words to evoke scenes in the audience's minds
imagery
95% of teachers support prop 3 so you should too!
logos and bandwagon
Why would repetition be used in a speech?
For emphasis
He created the ideas of ethos, pathos, and logos
Aristotle
a personal attack on someone else
ad hominem
comparing two unlike things using "like" or "as"
simile
I represent fairness and justice and a vote for my opponent would mean inequality and oppression.
pathos and false dilemma
the placement of two opposing ideas in the same sentence
juxtaposition
speakers climbed this stone structure to speak
bema
relatively small first step will inevitably lead to a chain of related (and usually undesirable) events without sufficient evidence to support such inevitability
slippery slope
exaggeration
hyperbole
When I was in elementary school I walked 10 miles to school, uphill both ways.
this is the speaker's attitude towards the subject, often surmised through not just how they speak but their word choices
tone
Persians
someone draws a broad conclusion based on insufficient or unrepresentative evidence
hasty generalization
comparing two unlike things
metaphor
He lied about the files, he lied about the war, he lied about inflation - he is a pathological liar!
ad hominem, repetition
this is a personal story
anecdote
The outside gathering area
agora
This fallacy can manipulate emotions or force premature conclusions by dismissing valid alternatives
false dilemma
when objects or emotions represent ideas
symbolism
If we let one in, all will come in, and all of them will threaten the safety and sanctity of our communities.
pathos, slippery slope
this is a list of items following grammatical structure
parallelism
Athena is the Greek goddess of
wisdom and war