1st
School sponsorship of religious activities violates the Establishment Clause of the 1st Amendment.
What is Engel v. Vitale?
In this flag burning case, SCOTUS ruled that symbolic speech is protected by the 1st Amendment, even if it is offensive to some.
What is Texas v. Johnson
This is landmark 1961 Supreme Court case that established that the Fourth Amendment's protections against illegal search and seizure apply to state courts as well as federal courts.
What is Mapp v. Ohio?
In this 1973 case, SCOTUS ruled that inherent in the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment is a fundamental “right to privacy” that protects a pregnant woman’s choice whether to have an abortion.
What is Roe v. Wade?
This case bolstered the freedom of the press protections of the 1st Amendment, establishing a "heavy presumption of against prior restraint" even in cases involving
What is New York Times v. United States?
This ruling created the Lemon test, a three-part test (entanglement, effect, purpose) used by the Supreme Court to determine if a law or government activity violated the First Amendment's establishment clause.
What is Lemon v. Kurtzman?
Congress exceeded its power under the Commerce Clause when it made possession of a gun in a school zone a federal crime.
What is US vs. Lopez?
In 1965 the majority of SCOTUS cited the 9th Amendment, along with the substantive rights protected by the 1st, 3rd, th, and 5th Amendments, and held that the Constitution protects penumbral rights of ‘privacy and repose’ that bar a state from prohibiting the use of contraception by married couples.
What is Griswold v. Connecticut?
A prohibition against public school students wearing black armbands in school to protest the Vietnam War violated the student's freedom of speech protections of the 1st Amendment.
What is Tinker v. Des Moines?
In this 1879 case, the Supreme Court ruled unanimously that a federal law prohibiting polygamy did not violate the free exercise clause of the First Amendment.
What is Reynolds v. the United States?
In this case, the Court ruled that the right to counsel is a fundamental right that applies to criminal defendants in state and federal courts. The Court also stated that the right to counsel is essential to fair trials and protects the fundamental human rights of life and liberty.
What is Gideon v. Wainwright?
This 1954 SCOTUS ruling determined racial segregation and separate but equal laws violated the 14th Amendment.
What is Brown v. Board of Education?
Compelling Amish students to attend school past the 8th grade violates the Free Exercise clause of the 1st Amendment.
What is Wisconsin v. Yoder
The Bong-Hits for Jesus case, this was a 2007 Supreme Court case that ruled that school administrators can limit student speech that could be seen as promoting illegal drugs.
What is Morse v. Frederick?
The 2nd Amendment right to keep and bear arms for self defense is applicable to the states.
What is McDonald v. Chicago?
In this 1973 case, SCOTUS ruled that inherent in the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment is a fundamental “right to privacy” that protects a pregnant woman’s choice whether to have an abortion.
What is Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Clinic?
Speech creating a "clear and present danger" was not protected by the 1st Amendment and could be limited.
What is Schenck v. United States?
This was the first selective incorporation case holding that the 1st Amendment Freedom of Speech applies in state courts.
What is Gitlow v. New York?
This famous 1966 Supreme Court case established the requirement for law enforcement to inform suspects of their constitutional rights before questioning them.
What is Miranda v. Arizona?
This 1898 SCOTUS case established the separate but equal clause and reaffirmed Jim Crow Laws.
What is Plessy v. Ferguson?