Renal Anatomy
The tube that carries urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder.
Ureter
The process by which blood pressure forces plasma from glomerular capillaries into Bowman’s capsule
Filtration
The organ that stores urine before it is expelled from the body.
Urinary bladder
The hormone that increases water reabsorption in the collecting ducts of the kidney.
ADH(Vasopressin)
The primary extracellular cation responsible for maintaining fluid balance and osmotic pressure.
Sodium
The funnel-shaped structure in the kidney that collects urine from the major calyces before it enters the ureter.
Renal Pelvis
The passive movement of water across a membrane driven by a difference in solute concentration.
Osmosis
The nervous system division that stimulates bladder contraction during the micturition reflex.
Parasympathetic
The region of the brain that detects changes in blood osmolarity and stimulates thirst.
Hypothalamus
The hormone that increases sodium reabsorption and potassium secretion in the distal nephron.
Answer:
Aldosterone
The outer region of the kidney that contains glomeruli and convoluted tubules.
Cortex
The mechanism that concentrates urine by creating an osmotic gradient in the renal medulla using the loop of Henle.
Countercurrent
The skeletal muscle sphincter that allows voluntary control of urination.
External
The membrane proteins inserted into collecting duct cells that allow water to move across the cell membrane.
Aquaporins
The nephron segment responsible for reabsorbing about 25% of filtered sodium and targeted by loop diuretics.
Thick Ascending loop
The muscles of the bladder are responsible for the expulsion of urine
Detrussor
The process by which the kidneys regulate acid–base balance by removing hydrogen ions from the blood into the tubular fluid.
Secretion
The brainstem center that coordinates relaxation of urethral sphincters with bladder contraction.
Pontine
The hormone released from the adrenal cortex that increases sodium reabsorption and indirectly promotes water retention.
Aldosterone
The hormone released by the parathyroid glands that increases calcium reabsorption in the kidney and mobilizes calcium from bone.
Parathormone
The microscopic structure of the distal tubule, where the distal convoluted tubule comes into contact with the afferent arteriole, regulates filtration
Macula densa
The rate at which fluid is filtered from glomerular capillaries into Bowman’s capsule, commonly used to measure kidney function.
GFR
The sensory receptors in the bladder wall that detect bladder filling and initiate the micturition reflex.
Stretch receptors
The hormone released from the heart that promotes sodium and water excretion when blood volume is high.
Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP)
The nephron segment where most magnesium reabsorption occurs through paracellular transport.
Ascending