Infancy
This age is when we typically see first words
These are the criteria for a first true word:
What is clear purpose, recognizable pronunciation to the adult word, and be used consistently and extends beyond the original context
This phonological process is still around by age five for a lot of kiddos (ex wabbit for rabbit)
What is liquid gliding
These are some things that can happen to older adults with language as they age
What are forgetting of words (especially nouns), decline of speech rate, and louder speech
The use of what in infancy and input to infants from adults predicts better language outcomes.
What is gesture use?
This skill in younger ages is correlated with reading and language skills at older ages.
What is Phonological awareness?
In this reading stage, children are taught to sound out words by associating sounds with corresponding letters
What is the decoding stage (Stage 1)
This is simplified language that develop when people from different languages and cultures come together for prolonged contact.
What is a pidgin?
The name of the first type of babbling we see (sounds over and over again)
What is reduplicated babbling?
This term is when children are able to acquire a general representation of a word with as a little as a single exposure
What is fast mapping?
This is the discourse we start to see with a specific name, for example "Let's do x so that y happens"
What is logical thinking?
This hypothesis suggests that one may have more trouble learning a new language if one is anxious or fearful.
What is the active filter hypothesis?
This type of communication is found in infancy and it is comprised of things like cries that adults have to interpret.
What is preintentional?
This is when a child replaces a sound produced farther back in the mouth with a sound produced farther forward
What is fronting?
This language is removed from the here and now
What is decontextualized language
This is an example of nurture-inspired theories of language development. It involves reinforcing behaviors we want to see repeated -- or expanded through chaining.
What is behaviorism?
These features include high overall pitch, exaggerated pitch contours, and slower tempos
What are paralinguistic features?
This principle as described by Grice is something kids become of aware of in the preschool years
Cooperate principle of conversation
These two elements of language that kids use to parse the ongoing speech stream into understandable parts.
What are phonological awareness and gestures/shared reading
The first of the four speech subsystems include: