Ch 20
Describe Papez Circuit
Links specific areas of the brain to emotions (hippocampus, mammillary bodies, thalamus, limbic system & cingulate gyrus)
What's the #1 risk factor for stroke
Hypertension (high blood pressure)
What causes lewy bodies
Abnormal clumps of protein in certain areas of the brain (areas involved in thinking, memory & movement)
Review question- What are the functions of each brain hemisphere
right- spatial abilities, emotional processing, creativity, holistic processing, intuition
left- language processing, logical reasoning, fine motor skills
What is apperceptive agnosia
Person can't recognize or understand visual stimuli & struggles to recognive familiar objects
Describe Cannon-Bard Theory
A stimulus simultaneously causes a physiological reaction and emotion
Name some warning signs of strokes
-sudden numbness or weakness of face, arm or leg
- confusion, trouble speaking or understanding others
- vision problems
- loss of balance or coordination or dizziness
- severe headache w/ no known cause
Name & describe the types of lewy bodies
dementia w/ lewy bodies- cognitive symptoms may occur either before or at the same time as movement symptoms)
parkinson's disease dementia- starts as a movement disorder, ~1 year later dementia symptoms occur
stage 1 (acute): flu like symptoms, contagious
stage 2 (asymptomatic HIV infection/clinical latency): still contagious
stage 3 (AIDS): more severe, poor immune system
Name 1 excitatory & 1 inhibitory neurotransmitter
Ex- glutamate, norepinephrine
in- serotonin, GABA, endorphins
both- dopamine, Ach
Describe James-Lange Theory
Exposure to an emotionally notable stimulus causes physiological reaction which is perceived as an emotion (emotion follows physiological arousal)
Name 2 common mental illnesses diagnosed post-stroke
Depressed (1/3) and PTSD (1/4)
Review question- describe dorsal & ventral brain orientations
dorsal- top
ventral- bottom
Describe HIV associated neurocog disorder
Deficits in executive functioning & working memory
Name the areas of the midbrain
Reticular formation
Substantia nigra
Describe cognitive appraisal theory
Differences in emotional reactions to events are due to differences in appraisal of the events (UPS delivery man example)
What is the difference between Alzheimer's and dementia
Dementia is a general term for symptoms
Alzheimer's is a specific brain disease (a type of dementia)
What areas of the brain are affected by lewy bodies
Describe HIV associated dementia
Final stage of HIV associated neurocog disorder
Describe gate control theory
Gate in the spine close/open. If they're closed, pain isn't processed in the brain
Describe cognitive arousal theory (aka 2 factor theory)
2 things are required for emotion: thought & bodily arousal
What neurotransmitters are linked to Alzheimer's & what areas of the brain are damaged
Reduced acetylcholine and excessive glutamate
Temporal lobe (amygdala & hippocampus), then frontal & parietal lobes
Review question- name the 3 structures of a neuron
Axon, soma/body, dendrites
review question- Define Brocas, Wernickes, & conduction aphasia
Wernicke- fluent speech, impaired comprehension
Broca- Slowed speech, anomia, intact comprehension
Conduction- intact comprehension, fluent speech but contains many errors, impaired repetition, anomia
Name the 6 neurocognitive domains
perceptual motor function, language, learning & memory, social cognition, complex attention, executive function