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What are 2 of the downsides of open fires?
Are hard to control, messy, and dangerous.
What is The Law of Conservation of Energy?
It states that: Energy cannot be created or destroyed. It can only be transformed from one type to another or passed from one object to another.
Which state of matter expands the most when heated?
A Gas
What is Radiation?
Radiation is the transfer of energy without any movement of matter.
What is Geothermal energy?
Energy generated in the interior of Earth
What are the 3 main temperature scales used around the world?
What is energy?
Energy is a property or quality of an object or substance that gives it the ability to move, do work, or cause changes.
What are the 3 states of matter with one example of each?
Solid = Ex. Gold, Steel, Lead
Liquid = Ex. Water, Mercury
Gas = Ex. Nitrogen, Oxygen
What are the 5 parts of energy transfer systems?
Energy Source
Direction of Energy Transfer
Transformations
Waste Heat
Control Systems
What is Cogeneration?
A method of energy conservation by which waste heat or energy from one industry is used by another industry
What is the 1 pro and 1 con of a thermocouple?
Pro: Thermocouples can measure temperatures so high that ordinary laboratory thermometers fail because the liquid in them would start to boil.
Con: They cannot be used to measure low temperatures accurately.
What are the 4 most important ideas of the particle model of matter?
All substances are made of tiny particles too small to be seen.
The particles are always in motion — vibrating, rotating, and (in liquids and gases) moving from place to place.
The particles have spaces between them.
The motion of the particles increases when the temperature increases. The motion of the particles decreases when the temperature decreases.
What are the 6 changes of state, and the proper name for each one?
Solid to liquid = Fusion (Melting)
Liquid to solid = Solidification (Freezing)
Solid to gas = Sublimation
Gas to solid = Sublimation (Deposition)
Liquid to gas = Evaporation
Gas to liquid = Condensation
List the Light Spectrum, largest to smallest waves.
Radiowaves, Microwaves, Infrared, Visible Light Spectrum, UV, X-rays, and Gamma rays.
What is 1 pro and 1 con for chemical energy and hydro-electric energy?
Chemical Energy - Pro: Can be burned without any further treatment.
Con: Releases greenhouse gases
Hydro-electric energy - Pro: Contributes to the tourism industry because they are so massive.
Con: Disrupts the plant life in the water and around, which disrupts the entire food web in the area where the dam is.
Each of the thermometers described below contains a ____1____ . The ___1___ produces a ___2___ (information about temperature). The ___2___ affects a ____3____ (a mechanism that uses the ___2___ in some way).
1= Sensor 2= Signal 3= Responder
How does a hot-air balloon work?
The fuel in a hot-air balloon burns, transferring thermal energy to the air, which warms, expands, and lifts the balloon.
What is latent heat?
During a phase change, the total energy of a substance increases or decreases. This occurs because the particles no longer increase or decrease their speed, but the arrangement of the particles changes. The average energy of the particles, however, does not change. Therefore, the temperature of the substance stays constant.
147mL of water at 76℃ is mixed with 147mL of water at 102℃. What will be the temperature after it is well mixed?
76 + 102 = 178
178/2 =89
Average Temperature = 89℃
What is Active Solar Heating?
Active solar heating systems involve fairly complex mechanical systems and devices called solar collectors. The collectors, usually on the roof or the south side of a building, contain water or air. The Sun heats the water or air, which is then pumped through the building by the mechanical parts of the system.
What is the bimetallic strip?
A bimetallic strip is made of two different metals joined firmly together. As the strip is heated, one metal expands more than the other. The strip is forced to coil more tightly. When the strip cools, the process is reversed. The same metal that expanded rapidly now contracts rapidly and the strip uncoils again. These movements can be used to operate a type of electric switch.
How does lemonade cool after having ice cubes being put in it?
As the ice cubes melt, it absorbs the thermal energy. With less energy, the average motion of the particles in the lemonade slows, therefore the temperature of the lemonade drops.
What is Evaporative Cooling?
In a drop of liquid, particles are moving at many different speeds. At the surface of the drop, some of the faster-moving particles are able to escape into the air. Slower-moving particles stay in the liquid state. Slower motion means lower average energy, however, and this means lower temperature. As high-energy particles evaporate, the remaining liquid cools. The cool liquid then cools the surface on which it is resting.
Describe a convection current.
A convection current is when a fluid (gas or liquid) is heated. When it is heated, the fluid expands, becoming less dense, causing it to rise. When the fluid rises, it moves away from the heat source, causing the heat to dissipate, so the fluid cools down. This makes the fluid contract, making it more dense, which causes it to sink. When the fluid sinks, it returns to the heat source, so the cycle repeats.
What is the Greenhouse effect and how is it connected to global warming?
When non-renewable resources, like fossil fuel are used for electrical energy, the combustion of the materials causes greenhouse gases, like carbon dioxide, to be released into the atmosphere. The original carbon dioxide heats up the earth enough to sustain life. The excess carbon dioxide traps more solar energy than needed causing the earth to heat up a lot more this is global warming. The extra heat then causes melting of polar ice caps, changes in climate and plant growth, and the drying up river and lakes.