It includes both publicly observable behaviors and private events (e.g., thinking, feelings, dreams, etc.)
100
In a ________ schedule, a reinforce is delivered after some fixed number of responses.
Fixed ratio.
100
A group of stimuli with some physical characteristics in common that all occasion the same response is called a _______.
Stimulus class.
100
Elliot has a fear of heights and decides to go skydiving to confront his fear. What phobia treatment does this sound like?
Flooding.
100
Explain the three-term contingency involved in modeling.
SD model (behavior of the model) --> R match (emit a match) --> Sr praise (social reinforcement)
200
Publicly observable behaviors are ________, whereas private events (e.g., thinking, feelings) are covert_______.
Overt, covert.
200
Water is an example of a ________ reinforcer.
Unconditioned.
200
Define shaping.
Reinforcing successive approximations to a target response.
200
Baby Albert was repeatedly exposed to the white rat without the cymbals being crashed behind his ears. Over successive trials, his heart rate in the presence of the rat decreased. This is an example of ________.
Extinction.
200
Advertisements are an example of what kind of motivative variable?
Conditioned motivating operation.
300
_________ refers to the principle that simpler explanations should be prepared relative to more complex ones.
Parsimony.
300
Skinner deprived his pigeon of food to get it to peck a key for grain. Food deprivation is an example of a _________.
Motivating operation or establishing operation.
300
What behavioral principle is exemplified in the behavioral treatment for insomnia?
Stimulus control.
300
A dog salivates to the sound of his owners keys in the door, to the slamming of his owners car door, etc. This is an example of _____________.
Higher order conditioning.
300
Poche trained multiple lures and trained self-protection skills in multiple settings. This is because she was trying to achieve ______.
Generality.
400
When manipulating an IV causes a change in the DV, behavior analysts say that what type of relationship has occurred?
Functional relationship or cause and effect relationship.
400
Define Premack Principle.
High probability behaviors reinforce low probability behaviors (e.g., if you eat your salad, you can have dessert).
400
On fixed ratio schedules, we see the _________ pattern of responding whereas on fixed interval schedules we see the ________ pattern.
Break and run, fixed interval scallop (scalloping).
400
During conditioning using the bell and pad treatment for enuresis, the bell is the ___________.
Unconditioned stimulus.
400
Training behavior in treatment that will be reinforced by natural reinforcers in the environment is an example of ___________.
Behavioral trapping.
500
How did Skinner define behavior?
Anything in the environment, either outside or within the skin of the organism, that is capable of influencing behavior.
500
What is similar about positive and negative reinforcement? What is different?
In both cases, the future probability of some behavior is increased. The difference is that positive reinforcement involves the administration of a stimulus and negative reinforcement involves the removal of an (aversive) stimulus.
500
Emitting a target response in the presence of similar discriminative stimuli is an example of __________.
Stimulus generalization.
500
Respondent behavior is elicited by _____________.
Antecedent stimuli.
500
What are the two effects that motivating operations have?
Value-altering effects (increase or decrease the value of a reinforcer) and behavior-altering effects (increase or decrease behavior allotted towards that reinforcer).