Amendments & Clauses
This amendment contains the Equal Protection and Due Process Clauses
What is the 14th Amendment?
Case that allowed students to wear black armbands in protest
What is Tinker v. Des Moines?
Law that outlawed discrimination in public accommodations
What is the Civil Rights Act of 1964?
Definition of protections against government interference
What are civil liberties?
In this document, Martin Luther King Jr. defends civil disobedience and argues that unjust laws should not be followed
What is Letter from Birmingham Jail?
Clause that prevents the government from creating a national religion
What is the Establishment Clause?
Case that established “separate but equal”
What is Plessy v. Ferguson?
Law that increased African American voter participation in the South
What is the Voting Rights Act of 1965?
The process of applying the Bill of Rights to the states
What is incorporation?
Police searching a phone without a warrant violates this amendment
What is the 4th Amendment?
Clause that protects the right to practice religion freely
What is the Free Exercise Clause?
Case that overturned segregation in public schools
What is Brown v. Board of Education?
Amendment granting women the right to vote
What is the 19th Amendment?
Protection against self-incrimination and police pressure
What are Miranda Rights?
A law is passed making something illegal after a person already did it, and they are punished for it
What is an ex post facto law?
Amendment that protects against unreasonable searches and seizures
What is the 4th Amendment?
Case tied to symbolic speech rights in schools (black arm bands)
What is Tinker v. Des Moines?
Law aimed at gender equality in education programs
What is Title IX?
Freedom of speech includes this type of non-verbal expression
What is symbolic speech?
Being tried twice for the same crime violates this protection
What is double jeopardy (5th Amendment)?
This constitutional protection requires the government to justify holding a prisoner using a Latin phrase
What is Habeas Corpus?
Case involving prior restraint and freedom of the press (Pentagon Papers)
What is New York Times v. United States?
Proposed amendment focused on equality for women (not ratified)
What is the Equal Rights Amendment?
Amendment used by the Court to apply rights to the states
What is the 14th Amendment?
When the government limits speech because it poses an immediate threat to public safety, such as inciting violence or panic
What is the clear and present danger test?