Unit 5
What is the missing preposition in these cause-and-effect collocations?
Lead ___
Result ____
Be responsible ____
Lead to
Result in
Be responsible for
What can help you understand how a text is organized?
An outline
Opinions are often introduced with verbs such as what?
argue, claim, believe, suggest, speculate
Counterarguments can start with ___. Refutations can start with ___.
Bonus: What should come first? A counterargument or refutation?
Counterarguments can start with some people think or many experts say. Refutations can start with on the contrary, however, but in fact.
Counterargument should come first
Use recovered in 1 sentence
The athlete recovered from her injury last year
"The accident victim was taken to the hospital by an ambulance."
1) Was is the agent and receiver in this sentence?
2) Is the agent necessary?
1) agent= ambulance
receiver= accident victim
2) No
Which is the correct preposition for this collocation with noun?
She felt a sharp pain (in/on) her stomach after eating the spoiled food.
She felt a sharp pain in her stomach after eating the spoiled food.
Opinion or fact?
1) I'm thrilled that the enrolment rate is increasing.
2) It seems that the global water crisis is worsening.
Opinions
Write your own counterargument and refutation.
-are they related?
-is the counterargument first?
1) Use encourages in a sentence.
2) Use encouraging in a sentence
1) The teacher encourages students to ask questions during class.
2) The teacher’s encouraging feedback helped the student feel more confident.
Rewrite the sentences using the passive voice.
The researchers will publish the results.
The results will be published by the researchers.
Which is the correct preposition for this collocation with noun?
The medication had a positive effect (on/of) the patient’s recovery.
The medication had a positive effect on the patient’s recovery.
Give 3 words that contain the word root -port.
support, report, transport, export, portable
1) Use the collocation "provides experience with" in a sentence
2) Use the collocation "provides experience for" in a sentence
1) The internship provides experience with laboratory equipment and research procedures.
2) The volunteer program provides experience for students who want to work in healthcare.
Use conducting and conducted in 1 sentence.
The researchers are conducting a follow-up study based on the survey they conducted last semester.
Rewrite to passive:
The company has improved its safety procedures.
Safety measures have been improved by the company.
Fill in the blank:
The team worked ____ collaboration ____ local health organizations.
The team worked in collaboration with local health organizations.
Change the bold to adverb phrase:
Because the farmers realized that water was becoming scarce, they began using more efficient irrigation systems.
Realizing that water was becoming scarce, the farmers began using more efficient irrigation systems.
Join the two sentences using the subordinator in parentheses. Keep the order of the clauses.
1) The researchers faced several unexpected problems. They completed the experiment.
(although)
2) The students had limited time to prepare. They delivered a successful presentation.
(even though)
1) Although the researchers faced several unexpected problems, they completed the experiment.
2) Even though the students had limited time to prepare, they delivered a successful presentation.
After several weeks of treatment, the medication ______________ the patient of the infection.
After several weeks of treatment, the medication cures the patient of the infection.
Is there bias in this passage? If yes, how do you know?
Our city has the best public transportation system in the country. We provide faster, safer, and more reliable service than any other city. While other cities struggle with delays, our system always gets people where they need to go.
Fill in the blank:
Researchers conducted a study on the effects ___(of/on) poor sleep ___(of/on) university students. They found that students who slept fewer than six hours were more likely to experience difficulty ___(in/with) concentration. The researchers concluded that a lack ___(of/for) sleep could have a negative effect ___(on/of) academic performance.
of, on, with, of, on
Change adverb phrase to clause:
Having completed the experiment, the scientists recorded their results. (because)
Because the scientists had completed the experiment, they recorded their results.
Join the two sentences using the subordinator in parentheses. Keep the order of the clauses.
1) The city invested heavily in public transportation. Traffic congestion continued to increase.
(even though)
2) The student had studied the material carefully. She still found the exam difficult.
(although)
1) Even though the city invested heavily in public transportation, traffic congestion continued to increase.
2) Although the student had studied the material carefully, she still found the exam difficult.
The body ______________ carbohydrates from food into glucose, which it uses for energy.
The body converts carbohydrates from food into glucose, which it uses for energy.