African Civilizations
The primary economic activity of most African civilizations was trading these two goods?
What are gold & enslaved people?
This is the approximate number of Africans taken from Africa due to the slave trade. Only about 80% would make it across the ocean alive.
What is over 10 million?
This traditional form of unwritten story telling is how West African societies primarily shared their past.
What is oral history?
These neighbors conquered Nubia, but Nubia accepted their gods and were welcomed into their society. It probably surprised this neighbor when they were conquered back only to have their culture restored by Nubia!
Who is Ancient Egypt?
These are the two countries that fought a brutal war in East Africa in the mid-15th century.
Who are Ethiopia and Adal?
Although there are some significant outliers for philosophy, most African civilizations converted to this religion.
This term defines the primary way European captors created a distinction between themselves and enslaved Africans. Its effects are still impacting us to this day.
What is racism?
This title for individuals was reserved for the West African historians, entertainers, teachers, and purveyors of other skills.
What is griot?
This neighbor tried and failed to conquer Nubia, but did have longer lasting influence of spreading Christianity and the Greek language through the trade links they maintained.
Who is Rome?
These two non-African powers got involved in the war in East Africa because of their existing rivalry.
Who are Portugal and the Ottomans?
While the Swahili coast governments were independent city states, most African civilizations had this form of government ruled by a king.
What is monarchy?
This new weaponry allowed African slave raiders to operate even better, leading to more conflict.
What are guns?
Transported along the Transatlantic slave trade, enslaved Africans created this form of music influenced by their culture to build community, hope, and escape plans.
What are slave spirituals?
This neighbor tried and failed twice to conquer Nubia, meaning Nubia succeeded where the larger Rome and Persia failed, leading to this neighbor creating the long lasting Baqt treaty which guaranteed trade, travel, and practice of religion for both sides.
Who is the Islamic Caliphate?
These were the two main means of support the outside rivals gave to African rulers to continue their war effort
What are guns and soldiers?
Almost all African civilizations had some form of this type of society where groups are separtated into classes.
What is hierarchy?
African rulers didn't care too much about the people they sold away because they mainly saw them as either foreigners, or this type of people who receive punishment for their actions.
What are criminals?
This Malian king had his memory preserved through the stories told which were eventually being written down and performed to this day.
Who is Sundjata?
Despite some early setbacks after unreasonable demands to resume the old Baqt treaty provisions, this neighbor would successfully invade Nubia, kill Nubia's king, and replace them with a Muslim, and effectively end a singular Nubian kingdom. Although Nubians remained mostly Christian, this neighbor's actions eventually led to Nubians Islamized by 1600.
Who are the Mamluks?
With new found outside help, the African rulers decided to continue the war, leading to this anti-climatic end of the conflict.
What is stalemate?
Geography was the PEGGS we didn't look at for African civilizations, but these 3 African civilizations overlapped borders in West Africa because they successively conquered each other.
What are Ghana, Mali, and Songhai?
Although lucrative for those who participated at the start, by the end of the slave trade, African kingdoms were weakened and reliant on these continental colonizers who they previously traded human lives with.
Who are Europeans?
This form of music inspired by African-American music contributions influences music genres to this day, music genres as varied as rock and rap.
What is rhythm and blues?
Although Nubia's neighbors influence changed many aspects of Nubian culture, these 3 aspects of Nubian culture largely stayed the same, meaning that Nubia kept trading gold, ivory, ebony, and enslaved people; was ruled by kings and queens; and kept their matrilineal descent.
What is economy, government, and society?
Although the war had no victor, it did massively affect the African rivals, with this being the end result for much of their own lands.
What is devastation or destruction?