People & Terms
This term names the practice of growing crops and raising animals for food.
agriculture
The Ice Age is the general period when scholars believe humans first entered North America. What single word from the study guide names that movement of people?
Migration
Which cultural region relied heavily on buffalo for food, clothing, and shelter?
Great Plains
What three crops are known as the Three Sisters?
Corn, beans, squash
What is a chiefdom?
A government where a single chief oversees political, economic, and religious matters across towns.
The belief that animals, plants, water, rocks, and weather have spirits is called what?
Animism
According to the Beringia theory, what land feature allowed humans to walk from Asia to North America?
Bering Land Bridge
Which region's groups built igloos? How did igloos help keep people warm?
Arctic: snow trapped heat inside igloos to provide warmth
Name one animal used by Indigenous groups to make clothing.
caribou, deer, moose, rabbits, buffalo
What is a confederacy?
a political alliance where communities work together on specific issues while remaining independent.
The name of the multistoried Southwest shelter made of adobe that housed many families.
Pueblo
Which theory says early peoples traveled by boat down the Pacific Coast into the Americas?
Coastal Route Theory
What cultural regions mainly relied on farming the Three Sisters?
Eastern Woodlands and Southeast
They built a network of canals to irrigate crops.
How did most Indigenous confederacies make political decisions?
By consensus- all participants agree on the final decision
What do we call groups of related families that often live across several towns.
clan
Why did early humans gradually spread across the Americas over thousands of years? (hint: what do humans need to survive?)
Searching for food
What is a "cultural region"?
An area where a group of people share similar beliefs, customs, values, and achievements
Which Southwest society constructed a road network linking about 75 communities and supported long distance trade?
The Puebloans
What were the Indigenous peoples' views on nature and physical surroundings?
They viewed nature as spiritual and treated it with respect
This ceremony on the Northwest Coast involved giving many gifts to show wealth and strengthen community bonds.
Potlatch
Name the area where the Olmecs, Maya, and Aztecs established early societies.
Mesoamerica
Explain how Puebloans made adobe for their buildings (materials and process)
They mixed clay with grass or straw and dried bricks in the sun
What is mound-building and for what primary purpose were mounds used?
Creating large earth structures used for burial sites
How did agriculture affect the development of societies among the Indigenous people?
They started farming and developing more permanent settlements.