Civilizations
South American empire famous for building a network of roads and rope bridges, terraces, and the ancient city of Machu Picchu
The Inca
Corn that was originally grown in Mesoamerica
Maize
Region extending across Southern Mexico and Central America that was the home of the Olmec, Zapotec, Mayas, and Aztec
Mesoamerica
Spanish soldiers who tried to conquer as much land as possible for Spain to spread Christianity, become wealthy, and achieve fame
Conquistadors
Civilization in modern-day Honduras, Guatemala, Belize, and Southern Mexico known for their architecture and layouts of their cities, extensive food production, and their 365-day calendar
The Maya
Farming technique in which plants in a given area are cut down and burned to fertilize the soil for future use
Slash-and-burn agriculture
Former Mayan city and archeological site in the Yucután Peninsula featuring a famous pyramid known as El Castillo
Chichén Itzá
Aztec emperor who increased the power of the government and ruled over much of Mexico at the time of the Spanish arrival, but eventually was imprisoned and killed by the Spanish
Moctezuma II
One of the first civilizations in the Americas that was located near the Gulf of Mexico and was known for large trading network and colossal head sculptures
The Olmec
Record-keeping tool made of string that was knotted in different ways
Quipu
Rocky and steep mountain range located in the western part of South America that was home to the Chavín and Inca
Andes Mountains
Aztec god of war who was believed to make the sun rise and require sacrifices from the Aztec people to stay strong
Huitzilopochtli
Civilization and empire in central Mexico that transformed the landscape of Lake Texcoco, conquered nearby groups, and created a successful economy
The Aztec
An ancient book, or manuscript, or scroll, which was used by the Aztecs to explain their history
Codex
Capital city and religious headquarters of the Aztec civilization
Tenotitlan
Mayan king of Palenque who ruled for nearly 70 years, expanded and improved his city, and hosted a variety of public and religious events
Pacal
Civilization in modern-day Mexico that may have developed the first writing system in the Americas
Zapotec
Sacred text with Mayan legends and history that was passed down for generations
Popol Vuh
Piece of land occupied by the Mayans, which is located in parts of present day Mexico, Guatemala, and Belize and separates the Caribbean Sea from the Gulf of Mexico
Incan ruler who used both his powerful army and non-violent negotiations to establish the Inca Empire along the Andes Mountains
Pachacuti