Traditional Territories
This is the traditional territory of the Tsleil-Waututh Nation
What is North Vancouver
This is an economic theory and practice that dominated European economic policies from the 16th to the late 18th century. It's based on the idea that a nation's wealth and power are determined by its accumulation of precious metals, particularly gold and silver. These policies aimed to increase a nation's exports while minimizing imports, thus maintaining a positive balance of trade. Governments implemented measures such as tariffs, subsidies, and monopolies to achieve these goals. It also often involved colonial expansion to secure sources of raw materials and markets for finished goodsThis typically refers to a journey or voyage undertaken for a specific purpose, often involving exploration, research, or adventure. It can involve travel by land, sea, or air, and may be organized for various reasons such as scientific exploration, geographical discovery, military reconnaissance, or mountaineering. Often planned and organized in advance, with specific objectives and logistical arrangements made to ensure the safety and success of the journey. They can range from short-term outings to long-term missions lasting months or even years
What is mercantilism
This term refers to the original inhabitants of a particular region or country who have a historical connection to that land predating colonization or settlement by external groups. These peoples have distinct cultural, linguistic, and social traditions that are often closely tied to their ancestral territories
What is Indigenous
This was the year that New France decided to begin sending "filles du roi" to New France to increase its population
What is 1663
This was name of a food that was a mixture of dried buffalo meat, berries, and fat. It took years to spoil and allowed fur traders to go on long journeys without worrying about food
What is pemmican
The lyrics of this song was written by Francis Scott Key during the Battle of Fort McHenry in September 1814... he was inspired by the sight of the American flag still flying over the fort after a night of heavy British bombardment
What is "the star spangled banner" (the national anthem of the United States of America)
This is the traditional territory of the Musqueam Indian Band
What is Vancouver
This typically refers to a journey or voyage undertaken for a specific purpose, often involving exploration, research, or adventure. It can involve travel by land, sea, or air, and may be organized for various reasons such as scientific exploration, geographical discovery, military reconnaissance, or mountaineering. Often planned and organized in advance, with specific objectives and logistical arrangements made to ensure the safety and success of the journey. They can range from short-term outings to long-term missions lasting months or even years
What is an expedition
This is a term used in Canada to refer collectively to the Indigenous peoples who are not Métis or Inuit. It encompasses a diverse range of Indigenous communities, nations, and peoples across Canada, each with its own distinct cultural heritage, languages, and traditions. This term emphasizes the priority of these Indigenous peoples as the original inhabitants of Canada prior to European colonization. Today, there are over 600 recognized First Nations in Canada, and they are recognized as distinct legal and political entities with inherent rights and interests in their traditional territories
Who are First Nations
This was the average number of children per family in the colony of New France in 1670
What is 5
In Quebec, the Forges du St-Maurice Iron Works was making what became one of Canada's best-known manufactured products: the iron stoves produced at the Forges, known as "Canadian stoves," helped heat the homes of Canadians during the harsh winters.
The Forges du St-Maurice became Canada's first of these types of towns, and marked the beginning of large-scale manufacturing in Canada
What are company towns
In August 1814, during the War of 1812, British forces captured and burned this location, along with other significant buildings in Washington, D.C. The fire, set in retaliation for American actions in Canada, destroyed much of the location, but the resilient rebuilding efforts symbolized the America's endurance and recovery
What is the White House
This is the traditional territory of both the Katzie and Kwantlen First Nations
What is Surrey, Langley, and Maple Ridge
This refers to the act of taking advantage of someone or something for one's own benefit, often unfairly or unjustly. It can involve using another person's labor, resources, or vulnerabilities in a way that prioritizes the oppressor's interests over the well-being or rights of the exploited party
What is exploitation
This term refers to a group of Indigenous peoples who primarily inhabit the Arctic regions of Canada, Greenland, Alaska, and parts of Russia. The word means "the people" in the Inuktitut language, which is one of the languages spoken by these Indigenous peoples. Traditionally, they have been semi-nomadic hunters and gatherers, relying on hunting, fishing, and gathering for their subsistence. They have a rich cultural heritage, including unique art forms, storytelling traditions, and spiritual beliefs. Today, they are recognized as one of Canada's 3 Indigenous groups, alongside First Nations and Métis, and they continue to preserve and promote their cultural identity while adapting to modern life
Who are the Inuit
The filles du roi did not receive a lifetime pension as part of their arrangement with the French government. Instead, they were provided with a dowry to help them establish themselves in New France. This dowry typically included clothing, household goods, and sometimes land. However, they would receive a lifetime pension if they produced this many children
What is 10
The Mowachaht Nation, led by Chief Maquinna, dominated trade on the West Coast of what is now Vancouver Island. In 1778, Maquinna met British explorer James Cook and traded with him... he gives Cook pelts from this animal in exchange for metal goods
What is a sea otter
The agreement that officially ended the War of 1812 between the United States and Great Britain was signed in Ghent, Belgium and called the Treaty of this. The treaty formally ended hostilities between the two nations and called for a cessation of all military actions and the release of prisoners of war. It also restored the territorial boundaries to their status before the war... meaning no land was gained or lost by either side and all captured territories were returned to their original "owners"
What is (the Treaty of) Ghent
This is the traditional territory of the Semiahmoo First Nation
What is South Surrey / White Rock
This is a system where a powerful country extends its influence and control over weaker territories, often for resources, economic, political, or strategic reasons. It involves the domination and exploitation of other regions, typically through colonization, military conquest, or economic manipulation
What is imperialism
This term typically refers to people of mixed Indigenous and European ancestry, particularly in Canada. They have their own distinct cultural identity, language (Michif), and history. Historically, they emerged primarily from intermarriages between Indigenous peoples, particularly the Cree, Ojibwe, and other First Nations, and French Canadian fur traders and settlers, particularly in the Red River area (present-day Manitoba) and other parts of Western Canada. They played a significant role in the fur trade and later in Canadian history, often advocating for recognition of their rights and cultural heritage. Today, their communities are recognized as one of the distinct Indigenous peoples of Canada, with their own governance structures and cultural traditions
Who are the Métis
This was a group of approximately 800 young women who were sent to New France (now Quebec) by King Louis XIV of France between 1663 and 1673. The purpose of this initiative was to address the gender imbalance in the colony, as there were significantly more men than women, which posed a demographic and social challenge
Who are the filles du roi ("the king's daughters")
The Canadian fur trade was a pivotal industry in the history of Canada, influencing its economy, culture, and expansion. These two fur trading companies were the largest and most profitable in Canada
What is the Hudson's Bay Company (HBC) and the North West Company (NWC)
The War of 1812 was fought between these two sides
Who is America and the British Empire (allied with groups of Indigenous, French Canadian, Scott, African Canadian and ex-pat American fighters)
This is the traditional territory of the Kwikwetlem First Nation
What is Coquitlam
This refers to the process by which a country establishes control over a foreign territory, often by sending settlers to live there, exploiting its resources, and imposing its own political, economic, and cultural systems onto the indigenous population
What is colonization / colonialism
These were the 3 groups that we studied and gave presentations on for our Indigenous Peoples "flipped classroom" project
What is Métis, Inuit, and First Nations
Episode 1 of Canada: The Story of Us involves the crossing of paths of these 3 groups
What are English settlers, French settlers, and Indigenous groups
Episode 2 of Canada: The Story of Us highlights a new generation of rebels and entrepreneurs competing for the key to Canada's prosperity, its natural resources, while others fight to protect them. The episode features William Hazen, an entrepreneur who helped develop the timber industry in New Brunswick. His decision to sell Eastern white pine trees to the British Navy for their warships upset this country, who wanted to ultimately expand north into British colonies... and what is now Canada
What is the United States of America
Episode 3 of Canada: The Story of Us focused on The War of 1812, referred to as Canada's War of Independence. With the British Empire entrenched in a European war, a disparate group of Indigenous, French Canadian, Scottish, African Canadian and even ex-pat American fighters join together to fight for their new homeland. The war of 1812 began in this year
What is 1812
This word comes from the St. Lawrence Iroquoian language, meaning "village" or "settlement." In 1535, French explorer Jacques Cartier misinterpreted the term when it was used by indigenous people to describe the area he encountered. Cartier applied the word to the broader region, and over time, this evolved into "Canada," which became the official name of the country when it was established in 1867. The term thus reflects both indigenous heritage and the country's historical development
What is "Kanata"