Physical
If family income decreases, malnutrition and obesity____?
increases
What is conservation in cognitive development?
Understanding that quantity stays the same even when appearance changes
What is emotional regulation?
Ability to control when and how emotions are expressed
What is play
Play is the most productive and enjoyable activity
that children undertake
4-year-old James is dropped off to his first day of kindergarten by his dad. During his time there James is found crying by the classroom door. What psychosocial issue is James going through?
Separation Anxiety
What’s the process where axons coated with myelin; fatty substance speeds up the nerve impulse transmission?
Myelination
What is animism?
Belief that objects like toys or trees have feelings or are alive.
What is Intrinsic Motivation? Where does it come from?
Comes from within. Doing something because it is fun, interesting, or personally rewarding.
Ex.Painting a picture because they enjoy mixing colors.
What are the 5 types of Play?
Solitary play, Onlooker play, Parallel play, Associative play, Cooperative play
After watching Toy Story with his family, 3-year-old Tommy has continuously been having conversations with his own toys. what would this be an example of, and who create it?
Animism
Created by: Piaget
Out of the 3 levels of prevention, What type of prevention would this fall under? Vaccination that prevents disease
Primary prevention
What are Piaget’s four obstacles to logic?
Centration, focus on appearance, static reasoning, and irreversibility—each limits logical thought.
What is Extrinsic Motivation? Where does it come from?
Come from the outside. Doing something for a reward, praise, or to avoid punishment.
Ex. Clean up after themselves for a candy.
What are the 4 parenting styles? Describe eache of them.
Authoritative: These parents are firm but loving. They set clear rules, but they also listen to their kids and explain why rules exist. They care about their child’s feelings and want them to grow into responsible people.
Authoritarian: These parents are very strict and expect their kids to follow rules without question. They usually don’t explain why the rules are there and can be less warm or supportive.
Permissive: These parents are very loving, but they don’t set many rules. They let their kids do a lot of what they want and often don’t say no, even when they should.
Neglectful: These parents are not very involved in their child’s life. They don’t show much care or set rules. Kids raised this way often feel alone or unsure of what’s expected of them.
after falling off her grandmother's porch, Amy is taken to the hospital, where her parents are told, that Amy will need stiches on her left eyebrow. What level of level prevention would this be an example of?
Tertiary
What are some symptoms of PTSD?
flashbacks, hyperactivity/hypervigilance, displaced anger, sleeplessness, nightmares between fantasy/reality
What is Vygotsky’s view on learning?
Kids learn through social interaction with more skilled people (mentors).
What is protective optimism? Give some examples.
Pride in oneself. Big confidence, believe they can solve anything, think they’ll remember everything.
By what age do children distinguish that there are two genders and what is the term used for it.
Children by the age of 5 accepts the gender binary, the idea that there are two opposites male and female.
After being caught stealing cookies before dinner, Maria is put in a 15-minute time-out and is later told her warned to about the consequences of stealing. What of parenting style are Maria's parent's using?
Authoritarian
From ages 2-6 how many inches do young children they grow
3 inches
What is scaffolding?
Temporary help that supports a child’s learning just beyond their current ability
What is Erikson’s 3rd stage of emotional development. Give an example.
Initiative vs. Guilt
Ex. kids try new things, learn new skills, guilt and shame, self-blame, fear of disappro
Whenever, 4-year-old Daniel and his father play basketball, Daniel's always lifts him up to score a basket. Now that Daniel is older, he is able to score baskets on his own. What would Daniel's father lifting him up to the hoop to score be an example of?
Guided Participation