Jean Piaget
More theories
B.F. Skinner
Erik Erickson
Potpourri
100
Theory that focuses on how children's intelligence and thinking abilities emerge through distinct stages. He believed that intelligence is adaptation to the environment.
What is Cognitive Development Theory?
100
Theory that gives prominence to the social, cultural and historic context of child development.
What is sociocultural theory?
100
Theoretical viewpoint that behavior is shaped by environmental forces, specifically in response to reward and punishment.
What is behaviorism?
100
A way to describe what happens as individuals move from infancy through adulthood, identifying significant events that are commonly experienced by all people, and explaining why changes occur as they do.
What is human development theory?
100
Created kindergarten, literally "garden for children", where play was promoted as the way children learn.
Who is Friedrick Froebel?
200
Cognitive structures into which cognitive concepts or mental representations are organized.
What is a schema?
200
In Vygotsky's theory, this zone represents tasks children cannot yet do by themselves but which they can accomplish with the support of an older child or adult.
What is the Zone of Proximal Development?
200
The principle of behavioral theory whereby a person deliberately attempts to increase or decrease behavior by controlling consequences.
What is operant conditioning?
200
The first stage of development described by Erickson, occurring during infancy, in which the child's needs should be met consistently and predictably.
What is trust vs. mistrust?
200
Highlighted the importance of childhood. Saw the child as a "noble savage", pure, in tune with nature.
Who is Jean-Jacques Rousseau?
300
One form of adaptation, which takes place when an existing concept is modified or a new concept is formed to incorporate new information or a new experience.
What is accommodation?
300
In this theory, the materials are didactic, each designed to teach a specific lesson and are self-correctin so the child gets immediate feedback from the completing the task.
Who is Montessori?
300
Application of a behavioral principle, which includes any immediate feedback to children that their behavior is valued.
What is positive reinforcement?
300
The second stage of development described by Erickson, occuring during the second year of life, in which toddlers assert their growing motor, language, and cognitive abilities by trying to become more independent.
What is autonomy vs. shame and doubt?
300
Developed comprehensive program, including theoretical formulation, materials, curriculum and child-sized furnishings. She saw children's capacity to learn as the absorbent mind with sensitive periods of brain growth.
Who is Maria Montessori?
400
Term for the process that occurs anytime new information or a new experience occurs.
What is adaptation?
400
Ability to recognize that objects remain the same in amount despite perceptual changes; usually acquired during the period of concrete operations.
What is conservation?
400
In behavioral theory, a method used to teach a child a new behavior by breaking it down into small steps and reinforcing the attainment of each step systematically.
What is shaping?
400
The third stage of development described by Erickson, occuring during the preschool years, in which the child's curiosity and enthusiasm lead to a need to explore and learn about the world, and in which rules and expectations begin to be established.
What is initiative vs. guilt?
400
He stressed the important role of the mother in children's earliest years and was the first to actually teach young children of preschool age.
Who is Johann Pestalozzi?
500
One form of adaptation that takes place when the person tries to make new information or a new experience fit into an existing concept.
What is assimilation?
500
A theory, such as that of Jean Piaget, based on the belief that children construct knowledge for themselves rather than having it conveyed to them by some external source.
What is constructivist theory?
500
In behavioral theory, a method eliminating a previously reinforced behavior by taking away all reinforcement, for instance, by totally ignoring the behavior.
What is extinction?
500
The fourth stage of development described by Erickson, starting at the end of the preschool years and lasting until puberty in which the child focuses on the development of competence.
What is industry vs. inferiority?
500
Periods of Cognitive development: sensorimotor period (0-2 years) preoperational period (2 - 7 years) concrete operations period (7 - 11 years) formal operations period (11 - 15 years)
Who is Jean Piaget?
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