Lecture 1: Physical Development
Lecture 2: Cognitive Development
Lecture 3: Social Development
Lecture 4: Emotional Development
Bounas
100
How is early childhood defined?
-The preschool years (2-6) with huge gains in physical and motor development.
100
What is Jean Piaget's preoperational Stage?
Children are under construction
100
What role does play have?
- First it is fun -Second assists child- learning to imagine and pretend, learn to take turns, and cooperative.
100
How do young children first view themselves?
They describe themselves in categories.
100
What are the 2 most things children should be careful on eating or intacking?
-Salt and Sugar
200
What are the major causes of death in the U.S. as compared to developing countries?
Car accidents
200
What is theory of mind?
An awareness of how one's mind and memory works.
200
How are later-born children differ from first-born children?
-Later-born children may act more aggressively in order to compete for the attention. -Later-born children reconcile fact did not come first. - More popular and self concepts
200
How are self-views related to childhood fears?
-An awareness of one's self precipitates (comes before) some fears. -More aware a child is of his or herself, the more there is to fear about that world.
200
What are the nutritional needs of the preschool-aged child 4-to-6 years old vs 1-to-3 years old?
-4-to-6 years old is 1,400 calories. -1-to-3 years old is 1,000 to 1,300 calories.
300
How do nightmares differ from sleep terrors?
-Sleep terror are usually more severe -Nightmares tend to occur during REM sleep while sleep terrors occur during deep sleep.
300
What are cognitive abilities and limitations of preoperational-aged children?
Beginning to understand how their minds work be using symbols
300
What are 4 types of play according to Pigment and explain differences?
1. Functional- Rolling ball or laughing 2. Symbolic- Creative setting(Pretend play) 3. Constructive- Making something 4. Formal- Games and Rules
300
What is known about the development of gender typing?
-Typing starts with gender identity; the basic awareness that one is either female or male. -The quickly the child receives messages about what is expected form girls and boys.
300
What is memory like in early childhood?
- Developing significant Abilities - Better at recognition memory tasks - they can recall things - better memory for activities than for object used -Development of autobiographical memory
400
What are the differences between fine and gross motor skills?
-Fine motor skills involve small muscles. -Gross motor skills involve large muscles.
400
Describe the cognitive abilities and limitations of preoperational-aged children?
-Highly egocentric, assuming that others think the same things the do. -One dimensional thinking and Irreversibility
400
What ideas does media do to children or don't do?
Hard to say, research is correlational, not experimental; experiments have shown violent TV or model gressive behavioral in adults can effect the child.
400
How do the social cognitive and evolutionary theories (differ or meanings)?
-Social cognitive theory- Result of reinforcement, punishment, and observation learning. -Evolutionary theory: Result of biological factors, stemming from natural selection.
400
What are some common errors in language that children make?
1. Fast Mapping 2. Whole - object assumption 3. Assume that grammatical rules should be applied universally 4. The execptions to out language that are the hardest to lean like: walk becomes walked or go becomes goed.
500
What are the 2 primary elimination disorders and what are them?
-Enuresis:Not gained control over bladder -Encopresis: Not gained bowel control
500
What 4 factors influence cognitive development?
1. Scaffolding 2. early education programs 3. Home environment 4. Televison
500
What are Parten's 6 patterns of play and meanings?
1. Unoccupied- Not playing, and random movements with no goal. 2. Solitary- Toys by themselves. 3. Onlooker- observe other children. 4. Parallel- Play with similar toys of surrounding children. 5. Associative- Interact and share toys with other children. 6. Cooperative- Division of labor and take on different roles and group roles.
500
Discuss what is known about the development of gender typing?(There are 3 of them!)
1. Gender-Identity- Basics of awareness if the child is female or male. 2. Gender-Stability- The recognition that one has the same gender for a lifetime. 3. Gender- Constancy- The understanding that changes in appearance, do not change one's gender.
500
What effects does a child goes throw when they pick who the want to be seen as a for a lifetime? (If boy and want to be a girl or A girl and wanting to be a boy)
-They may go throw bulling, judgement, and more terrible things like being hated. Or understandment, support, and more posite like love.
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