Southern
What are cash crops?
What cash crops were grown in the southern colonies?
Crops that are grown for value more than sustaining life.
Indigo, rice, tobacco
What are staple crops?
What staple crops were farmed in Middle Colonies?
Give an example of staple crop in Iowa.
2. Wheat, barely, oats
3. Corn, soybeans
What are Quakers?
Religious group that supported religious tolerance, nonviolence, and equality of men and women.
How were colonial governments organized?
Governor and advisory council
What is an immigrant?
Person who left their home country and moved to another one to begin a new life.
What was the first permanent English settlement in America?
What challenges did this settlement face?
Jamestown, Virginia
Faced starvation, disease, weather, attacks from Native Americans
Why did Pilgrims and Puritans leave Europe and come to America?
To avoid religious persecution
Who was William Penn? Why is he important?
Establish Pennsylvania. Became a safe place for Quakers.
What led to diverse populations of New York and New Jersey?
Religious tolerance and generous land grants
What are some challenges that the English colonies faced?
Taxes
Restricted and limited trade routes
Land availability
Unable to move west
What was the Toleration Act of 1649?
Made it a crime to restrict the religious rights of Christians
What role did the church play in Massachusetts?
How did William Penn create a colonial government that would be fair to all?
Limited his own power
Established an elected assembly
Promised religious freedom to all Christians
Made Pennsylvania an example for self-representation
Ran farms, businesses such as grocery store, drugstores.
Did more than just stay at home.
What is the difference between slavery and indentured servants?
Slavery: INVOLUNTARY, no ending date, forced to work
Indentured servants: VOLUNTARY, chose to sign a contract with ending date in mind
What did John Smith do to improve the conditions of Jamestown?
Forced the colonists to work harder, learn from the tribe, created rules and laws.
What industries did New England colonies have?
*Industries that were needed were: fishing, trading, weaving, blacksmith, and shipbuilding.
What is mercantilism?
How did the colonists feel about mercantilism?
Creating and maintaining wealth by carefully controlling trade and the balance of imports to exports.
Many did not see mercantilism as a benefit.
Too many restrictions, not able to do as much trading as before.
What factors caused the slave trade to grow? How did this affect conditions on the Middle Passage?
Farmers began to rely less on indentured servants, needed more people to work on their farms = more slaves.
Slave traders placed as many people on ships as possible to increase profits which created terrifying and deadly conditions of the passage.
What was the Treaty of Paris?
It was an agreement that ended the French and Indian War. It said who got what land.
Describe farming in the south
*Large plantations
*Needed slaves to keep up with labor
*Farmed cash crops that were used more for the value and not necessarily on their farms
Describe farming in New England colonies
*Rocky soil
*Could not make farming sustain their daily life
*Small/no farms = no use for slaves
*Tend to rely more on indentured servants for their industries.
Describe farming in the middle colonies AND the viewpoint of slavery in these colonies.
*Grew staple crops: needed to sustain life, animals
*They farmed because they needed to, they were not selling the crops for extra value.
*Had more indentured servants than slaves, did not agree with slavery (Quakers)
What was the Proclamation of 1763? What happened as a result of the Proclamation of 1763?
Banned British settlement west of the Appalachian Mountains; ordered settlers to leave the upper Ohio River Valley.
Colonists were angry with the Proclamation and fighting continued with the settlers and American Indians.
What was the French and Indian War? Why did it start? What was the turning point? Why did it end? What were some of the outcomes of the war?
Cause: France captured a British fort.
Effect: Britain gained Canada, all French lands east of the Mississippi, and Spanish Florida
7 years long
In 1763, Britain and France signed the Treaty of Paris which officially ended the war.
France gave up all its territories in mainland North America.
British settlers began moving west to settle new lands.
Outcomes
Britain gained Canada, most of the French lands east of the Mississippi River, and Florida.
The Treaty of Paris changed the balance of power in North America.
British settlers began moving west to new lands.