Key People and Documents
Who founded Georgia as a colony for debtors and a buffer against Spanish Florida?
Who is James Oglethorpe
What Native American leader fought against English expansion in King Philip's War?
Metacom fought against English expansion
What three regions were connected by the Triangular Trade?
Europe, Africa and the Americas
What group settled Massachusetts Bay Colony seeking religious freedom?
The Puritan settled Massachusetts Bay Colony for religious freedom.
What was the first representative assembly in the American colonies?
The Virginia House of Burgesses was the first representative assembly.
What cash crop was most important to the economy of Virginia and the Southern Colonies?
Tobacco was the most important cash crop in Virginia and the Southern Colonies.
What colony was originally founded by the Dutch before being taken by the English?
What is New Netherlands
What was the outcome of the Pequot War (1636-1638)
The Pequot were defeated and lost most of their land in New England
The Middle Passage was the route that brought enslaved Africans across the Atlantic
Which colony was founded by William Penn as a safe place for Quakers?
Pennsylvania
What agreement signed in 1620 established self-government for the Plymouth Colony?
The Mayflower Compact established self-government for Plymouth
Why was shipbuilding and fishing more common in New England than in the Southern Colonies?
New England's rocky soil short growing season made farming difficult, so colonists turned to the sea for their economy.
What document guaranteed religious freedom on Maryland?
What is the Maryland Toleration Act (guaranteed freedom for Christians)
Alliances sometimes gave tribes temporary power, but often ended in loss of land and influence
What was the purpose of the Navigation Acts?
They required colonies to trade only with England to strengthen mercantilism
What religion revival in the 1730s-1740s encouraged equality and emotional preaching?
The Great Awakening encouraged equality and emotional preaching
How did town meetings in New England strengthen democratic traditions?
Town hall meetings allowed male church members to vote directly on local laws and issues, encouraging participation
Which colony was known as the "breadbasket" because of its grain production?
The Middle Colonies were known as the "breadbasket" because they grew large amounts of wheat and other grains.
What charter gave colonists the same rights as English citizens back home?
What is the colonial charter
Why did Native populations decline so sharply after European contact?
Disease like smallpox, war, and displacement caused major population loss
How did mercantilism shape England's relationship with its colonies?
Colonies provided raw materials and markets, making England wealthier and more powerful.
How did the Great Awakening contribute to democratic ideas?
It emphasized individual choice in religion, which encouraged questioning of authority
How did salutary neglect influence colonial self-government?
Britian's policy of salutary neglect let colonists govern themselves, encouraging independence
How did geography influence economic differences among the New England, Middle, and Southern colonies?
Geography shaped economies; New England used shipping and trade, the Middle Colonies farmed grains, and the Southern Colonies grew cash crops like tobacco and rice.
How did William Penn's Frame of Government shape colonial politics?
It established an elect assembly and religious freedom, influencing American democratic traditions
Defeats of tribes in wars opened more land to colonial settlement
Why did some colonists resent England's trade restrictions?
Colonists wanted free trade, but England limited it to protect its own economic interests.
How did religious tolerance differ between New England and the Middle colonies?
New England was dominated by Puritan traditions, while the Middle Colonies allowed more diverse religions
How did Colonial assemblies gain power over royal governors?
Assemblies controlled taxation and spending, which limited governors' authority
Why did plantation agriculture develop mainly in the Southern Colonies?
The warm climate, long growing season, and fertile soil supported large plantations with enslaved labor.