First Contact
First contact between Europeans and Indigenous Peoples happened when the two groups _________.
First met.
This explorer was credited with reaching the coast of Canada while sailing for England.
John Cabot.
What was the Columbian Exchange?
The exchange of goods, plants, animals, and diseases between continents.
What name is given to farmers who lived and worked on land in New France.
Habitants
What does it mean to colonize a new region?
It means a country expands their territory by sending some of their people to the new area to develop the land.
The most valuable pelt during the fur trade was __________.
Beaver fur.
How many trips did Columbus make to the Americas?
4
Which of the following was NOT mainly brought to the Americas during the Columbian Exchange?
a) Coffee
b) Sugar
c) Potatoes
d) Horses
Potatoes
What name is given to landowners in the seigneurial system who rented land to habitants
Seigneurs
Who were the coureurs des bois?
They were a group of French illegal fur traders.
Name three reasons why explorers traveled to the "New World"
1. They wanted a new place to live.
2. They wanted to find gold and wealth.
3. They wanted new trade opportunities.
Which explorer sailed for King Henry and is known for his discovery of North America in 1497?
John Cabot
Which of the following was NOT mainly brought to Europe from the Americas?
a) Tobacco
b) Bananas
c) Corn
d) Potatoes
Bananas
Name 2 challenges settlers faced in New France
Any of:
- cold winters
- uncertainty of food availability
- the need to co-operate with Indigenous communities.
When did the Beaver Wars, or Iroquois Wars, take place?
From the 17th - 18th century.
How did Indigenous peoples help European explorers survive in North America?
They shared knowledge about the land, taught survival skills, showed travel routes, and helped with hunting and fishing.
Which explorer is remembered as the person who named Canada?
Jacques Cartier
When did the Columbian exchange start?
1492
Which two countries were fighting over control of the fur trade?
The French and English
Name 4 European countries that established colonies in North America.
France
England
Spain
Netherlands
Portugal
Name 3 reasons why many Indigenous groups welcomed early Europeans.
1) They wanted to trade for metal tools and goods
2) They wanted to learn about European culture
3) They hoped to form alliances
This explorer became allies with Wendat/Algonkin First Nation.
Samuel de Champlain
Name 2 things that changed during the Columbian exchange
Any of the following:
- Population decline of Indigenous peoples
- New foods in Europe
- Global trade
- Spread of diseases
- Colonization
What did the Algonquin and Wendat get out of their alliance with the French?
A strong and powerful friend in the French who gave them metal tools and weapons like guns. This helped them defeat their enemies (Haudenosaunee).
Why did European countries want colonies in North America.
They wanted access to resources, land, and trade opportunities. Colonies also increased a country's wealth and power.
Why did French and Indigenous peoples form alliances?
They created partnerships for trade, survival, and military support.