Evolution & Life
All life evolved from a _______
LUCA
Last universal common ancestor
What is the age of the Earth?
4.6 billion years
How many hypotheses are there and what are they?
2
cell membranes & self replicating molecules early
cell membranes & self replicating molecules late
What are the three kingdoms of life
bacteria, archaea, eukaryotes
earliest fossil record of life
3.5bya, non-photosynthetic bacteria
What are the lipid bubbles with macromolecules called
protocells
What are the conditions for natural selection?
variation, heritability, reproduction, fitness differences
explain the Great Oxygenation Event
Early photosynthetic life around 3bya, started producing oxygen, oxygen was absorbed by oceans but later began gassing out to form the ozone layer, o2 sinks accumulated after that
Which hypothesis says abiotic synthesis occurred around deep sea vents
cell membranes late
What are some properties of life?
highly ordered/structured, need energy, grow and develop, reproduce, respond to stimuli, regulation, evolutionary adaptation via natural selection, made up of one or more cells
explain abiotic synthesis and give some examples of it
creation of molecules naturally, without biotic interference
amino acids, polymers, proteins, nitrogenous bases, lipids, ect.,.
What is the main step that both hypotheses have
abiotic/natural selection
What are the common similarities in living organisms
plasma membrane, metabolic pathways, universal genetic code, DNA storage and information, ribosomes ribozyme
What was early Earth like?
reducing/neutral atmosphere
intense UV radiation, warm oceans 40-50oC
no free oxygen
volcanic eruptions
N, methane, CO2, ammonia, H2 atmosphere
Explain the main differences between the two hypotheses
location, deep sea vents
order of steps
selection for molecules in membrane late
when the membrane occurred, when metabolism occurred