Shock
Define shock.
Significant decrease in blood flow throughout the body
The body's response to infection
What is sepsis?
Name 2 of the most common s/s associated with sepsis.
Tachycardia
Tachypnea
Warm, flushed skin
Altered mental status
Shivering/chills
Pain
The patient is considered septic if their white cell count is greater than ___?
12,000 uL
Main introductory assessment tool used by most hospitals and Sepsis Alliance.
Temperature
Infection
Mental decline
Extremely ill
TIME
2 common causes of obstructive shock.
Pulmonary embolism, aortic dissection, tension pneumothorax, aortic stenosis
Most common pathogen associated with sepsis.
Bacteria
When a patient presents with bradycardia and paralysis, which form of shock are they experiencing?
Neurogenic
What elevated lactate value indicates sepsis?
Lactate >2 mmol/L
The most important factor when it comes to identifying and treating sepsis prior to a patient decompensating.
Time
3 common causes of hypovolemic shock.
Extreme dehydration, severe diarrhea, trauma (internal/external bleeding), renal failure, congestive heart failure
Most significant and life-threatening symptom associated with sepsis
Name 2 unique s/s associated with cardiogenic shock.
JVD, crackles/rales, cool extremities
Coagulation is affected during sepsis. At what point is a patient's INR considered abnormal?
>1.5
When using the SIRS criteria, how many abnormal lab values/vital signs consider a patient to be septic?
2
Neurogenic, anaphylactic, and septic shock are all forms of what major category of shock?
Distributive
Sepsis can be caused from many different factors. Which of the following has the potential to cause sepsis?
1. Mosquito bite
2. Getting a tattoo
3. Accidentally cutting your finger with a knife
4. All of the above
All of the above
Sepsis can be differentiated into 2 stages
Early and late stages
What total bilirubin value indicates sepsis?
Total bilirubin >4 mg/dL
Name 2 assessment tools used to assess for sepsis.
TIME
SOFA score
SCGH
SIRS criteria
All categories of shock present with increased cardiac output, except for one. Name that category.
Cardiogenic
During the beginning stages of sepsis, a patient experiences a drop in cardiac output. The body attempts to compensate for this by releasing which two compounds?
Epinephrine and norepinephrine
You as the nurse are caring for 4 patients. Identify the patient who is most at risk for developing sepsis.
1. 55-year-old male who has just received a kidney transplant
2. 65-year-old male who is recovering from a lobectomy
3. 35-year-old female who was admitted yesterday for a MVC and has had a Foley catheter and central line placed
4. 80-year-old female who has uncontrolled diabetes management and is recovering from colon surgery
35-year-old female who was admitted yesterday for a MVC and has had a Foley catheter and central line placed
With platelet counts dropping during sepsis, what term describes this condition?
Thrombocytopenia
Shivering, fever, very cold
Extreme Pain
Pale or discolored skin
Sleepy, difficult to arouse
"I feel like I might die"
Short of breath
What does the acronym SEPSIS stand for?