Mesopotamia
A region in the Middle East where agriculture and early civilizations flourished due to rich soil and access to water.
What is the Fertile Crescent?
Two major cities of the Indus Valley Civilization, known for their advanced urban planning.
What are Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro?
The Yellow River, is the second-longest river in China and is often considered the cradle of Chinese civilization.
What is the Huang He River?
The longest river in the world, providing essential water resources for agriculture and civilization in ancient Egypt.
What is the Nile River?
Mesopotamia and Egypt include their reliance on river systems for agriculture, polytheistic religions, and the development of writing.
What are the similar between Mesopotamia and Egypt?
The developed cuneiform.
What is a writing system the Sumerians develop?
Cities major feature were their grid-like layout and advanced drainage systems.
What was the Indus Valley cities?
A Chinese political and religious doctrine suggesting that the emperor's right to rule came from divine approval.
What is the Mandate of Heaven?
Tombs for the pharaohs, protecting their bodies and belongings for the afterlife.
What was the purpose of pyramids?
A central role in early civilizations, influencing government, social structure, and daily life, often serving as a means to explain natural phenomena.
How religion played in early civilizations?
The Tigris and Euphrates.
What are the main rivers of Mesopotamia?
This indicates the importance of ritual bathing and a centralized authority in the Indus Valley.
What is the significance of the Great Bath?
Chinese philosopher whose teachings focused on morality, family loyalty, and social harmony.
Who is Confucius?
The ruler of ancient Egypt considered a god on earth and a political leader.
Who was the pharaoh?
Each civilizations provided fertile land for agriculture, access to trade routes, and natural defenses against invasions.
How did geography influence these civilizations?
A Babylonian king known for creating one of the earliest and most complete written legal codes.
Who was Hammurabi?
The Indus script writing system.
What was the undeciphered script?
Pieces of shell or bone used in ancient China, inscribed with early forms of Chinese writing.
What are oracle bones?
The writing system used by ancient Egyptians that combined logographic and alphabetic elements.
What is hieroglyphics?
The achievements in this civilization were advanced urban planning, standardized weights and measures, and sophisticated drainage systems.
What was the Indus Valley?
Massive structures built, serving as temples and religious centers.
What are ziggurats?
Artifacts such as seals and weights found in various regions, indicating connections with Mesopotamia and other areas.
What is evidence of trade?
It became a major trade good that China used to make clothes.
What was is silk?
Ancient Egyptian practice of preserving bodies for the afterlife through embalming and wrapping in linen.
What is Mummification?
Record-keeping, trade, and communication, reflecting their complex societies and governance.
What was a writing system?