SET 1
Biology comes from the Greek words
bios - life
logos - study
Who discovered penicillin
Alexander Flemming
he observed an abundant number of single-celled organisms, which he called animalcules
Anton van Leuuwenhoek
differentiate asexual and sexual reproduction
🐝 Asexual reproduction is when a living thing makes a new organism without needing a partner and without involvement of gametes. The offspring comes from just one parent and is usually an exact copy (clone) of it.
🐝 Ex. Bacteria (through binary fission)
🐝 Sexual reproduction is when two parents are needed to make a new organism. Each parent gives half of the genetic material, so the offspring is not an exact copy but a mix of both parents’ traits.
Where the pollen moves from the stamen to the stigma of the same flower or another
-Involves development and elongation of the pollen tube
Pollination
basic unit of life
●Our hand is especially suited for many things like fine control and grabbing objects.
●The ability to touch the thumb to the fingers makes fine control possible. The ability to touch the fingers to the base of the hand as well as to wrap the thumb on top makes grabbing objects possible.
State what is meant by the term ecosystem
Community plus the habitat (and all other non-living components)
Ecology - study of ecosystem
asexual reproduction in plants is also called
vegetative reproduction
differentiate self pollination and cross pollination
1.Self-pollination wherein the pollen is transferred to the stigma of a plant’s own flower.
2.Cross-pollination wherein pollen from a different plant is delivered to a stigma of a flower of a different plant.
§Compared to self-pollination, cross-pollination can increase genetic diversity of plants as genes from two different individuals are shared by the offspring.
How much energy is lost from one level to the next in a food chain?
90%
What does a food chain always start with
Producer
This is called the brain of the cell
Nucleus
• an organelle that is a storehouse of the genetic information in the form of DNA
•Control center of the cell
Angiosperms have these 3 distinct components
flower, fruit, seed
flower - reproductive organ
fruit - from the ovary
seed - from the ovule
What refers to these characteristics?
•Exposed seeds
•Lacks ovary
•Has cones as reproductive structures
•Example: Pine Tree
Gymnosperms
State the levels of biological organization (in order from smallest to largest)
AMOCTOSO
Explain homeostasis
It is the body's tendency to maintain constant internal conditions, which are favorable to survival.
If a virus enters your body, your lymphatic system fights the infection so you can be healthy again.
Producers - produces its own food (green plants)
Consumers - herbivore, carnivore, omnivore
Decomposers - also called saprophytes, breaks down dead animals and plants into simpler materials or nutrients (mushroom)
compare perfect and imperfect flower
🐝 There are many types of flowers all over the world and not all of them have both of these reproductive organs in them. Some flowers have only one and therefore depend on other animals in order to reproduce. These flowers are known as Imperfect flowers. The flowers which have both of these organs are known as Perfect flowers.
🐝 Ex of perfect flowers are gumamela, tomatoes, roses…
🐝 Ex of imperfect flowers are grasses, squash, sweetcorn…
What type of organelle have these characteristics?
•Gives protection
•Rigid support
•Gives shape to the cell
cell wall
Function:
•Gives protection
•Rigid support
•Gives shape to the cell
•Structure:
•In plants and algae, cell wall is made up of cellulose
•In fungi, cell walls are made up of chitin
•In bacteria, they are composed of peptidoglycan
What are the 7 characteristics of life? Enumerate all 7 and explain them.
1.Cellular Organization
2.Metabolism
3.Growth and Development
4.Respond to Environment
5.Reproduction
6.Adaptation and Evolution
7.Maintain Homeostasis
observed the cork is composed of small, hollow compartments (small rooms)
Robert Hooke
•Investigated cork through experimenting with the compound microscope and came up with the name cells!
State the cell theory
1. All livings things are made of cells.
2. Cells are the smallest and basic unit of life.
3. All cells come from pre-existing cells.
Name one product of photosynthesis
Oxygen, Glucose
6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2
Compare photosynthesis and cell respiration
Photosynthesis – produces oxygen and glucose (food)
Cell Respiration – produces carbon dioxide