Convection Currents
What type of heat transfer is responsible for driving convection currents in the Earth's mantle?
Convection
At which type of plate boundary do plates move away from each other?
Divergent/Constructive
What scale is used to measure the magnitude of earthquakes?
The Richter scale
What is the term for centre part of the volcano where the main lava erupts from?
Crater
What geological event typically triggers a tsunami?
An underwater earthquake
Name the layer of the Earth where convection currents primarily occur.
The Mantle
What is formed when two continental plates collide?
Mountains
How does the depth of an earthquake affect its potential damage?
Shallower earthquakes cause more damage because they are closer to the surface.
Name two types of volcanoes
Shield and composite
How do tsunamis differ from regular ocean waves?
More energy, travel faster, and increase in height as they reach shore.
How do convection currents contribute to plate tectonics? (Draw)
They move tectonic plates by causing the mantle material to rise, spread, and sink.
Name the type of boundary where earthquakes are the main disaster.
Transform boundary
What is the term for the point inside the Earth where an earthquake originates?
Focus (or hypocenter)
How do composite volcanoes differ from shield volcanoes?
Composite volcanoes have steep sides and explosive eruptions, while shield volcanoes have gentle slopes and fluid lava flows.
What does the word "tsunami" mean in Japanese?
"Harbor wave"
How do convection currents contribute to convergent plates? (Draw)
Draw
What geological feature is formed at a transform plate boundary?
Faults (e.g., the San Andreas Fault)
What is the point on the surface called where we first feel the earthquake?
Epicentre
What is aa Lava?
Sloer, thicker, less viscous
What type of plate boundary is most likely to generate a tsunami?
A convergent boundary (subduction zone)
How do convection currents contribute to Divergent plates? (Draw)
Draw
What is the name when one plate sinks beneath another, melting into the mantle and forming volcanoes or deep-sea trenches.
Subduction
Name the three main types of seismic waves.
Primary waves (P-waves), Secondary waves (S-waves), and Surface waves
What is pahoehoe lava?
Thinner, flows more and hotter.
Which tectonic plate has the MOST tsunamis around its borders.
The Pacific