Biogenesis
The principle of biogenesis states that:
all living things come from pre-existing living things
The age of the earth is:
Greater than 4 Billion Years
Who was the Russian scientist who was the first to propose a theory on how organic compounds formed on earth?
Oparin
The first genetic material was probably ____, not ____.
RNA, not DNA
Changes to life on earth are influenced by large-scale processes such as:
1. Continental Drift
2. Mass Extinctions
3. Adaptive Radiations
How did Francesco Redi prove that spontaneous generation was not real?
The rotting meat + maggots experiment. He had one piece of meat covered and one uncovered.
How can scientists study and estimate the age of the earth?
Studying the layers of sedimentary rock
Which two scientists tested Oparin's hypothesis?
Miller and Urey
The archaebacteria that are alive on earth today may be similar to early _______.
Prokaryotes
How many times in Earth history have all landmasses on earth come together and broke apart?
3 times
Who was the scientist that used flasks of broth to disprove spontaneous generation?
Lazzaro Spallanzani
What are two techniques used to determine the age of rocks and fossils?
Radioactive Dating
Relative Dating
Although Miller and Urey's experiment worked, what does new evidence suggest?
The atmosphere of early earth contained less methane and ammonia, and too much carbon dioxide and oxygen for it to be true.
Eukaryotic cells contain organized ____ that perform specific functions, while prokaryotes do not.
Organelles
What are 2 major ways in which continental drift impacts life on earth?
- Lakes and seas dry up
-Some dry areas become wetter
-Climates change
It becomes cloudy with mircoorganisms
Most isotopes are unstable and undergo ____ decay.
Radioactive
Very simple cell-like structures that can form spontaneously in the lab from solutions of simple organic chemicals are:
Microspheres and Coacervates
How many years ago is endysymbiosis estimated to have begin?
The majority of living organisms that ever lived are now _____.
Extinct
Who was the final scientist to disprove spontaneous generation, and how was his experiement different than Spallanzani's?
Louis Pasteur - He used curve-necked flasks
When carbon dating isn't a possible tool for estimating the age of a fossil, what can scientists do?
They estimate the date by the layer of rock in which it was found.
What properties of life are present in protobionts?
- surrounded by membrane
- simple reproduction & metabolism
- internal environment differs from outside environment
Explain the basic theory of endosymbiosis.
One cell invaded another cell, which later, after evolution, became an organelle inside the invaded cell.
What are Adaptive Reactions?