Sedimentary, Igneous, Metamorphic Rocks
Sedimentary Rocks form through this three-step process
What is Deposition, compaction and cementation?
Volcanoes only form at these specific spots on earth
What are plate boundaries?
These are the two broad types of weathering that we have talked about
What are physical and chemical weathering?
How do we know that tectonic plates move?
South America and Africa fit together, different animal fossils found thousands of miles apart
What different environments would form limestone, sandstone, and shale?
Ocean, desert and swamps
Igneous rocks form when this happens
What is lava or magma cools?
The Yellowstone volcano formed because of this natural phenomenon, a huge magma chamber that sits under the earth's crust
What is a hotspot?
How does physical weathering break rocks down?
Wind, water brings smaller rocks into contact with larger ones and the rocks scrape against each other causing them to get smaller and smaller
What are some landforms that form at plate boundaries?
Mountains, trenches, mid-ocean ridges, volcanoes, fault lines, earthquakes
You see two layers of rock. One is sandstone and then above that is a black rock with crystals that are hard to see with the naked eye. How did the top layer form?
Probably from an erupting volcano that let lava out, then allowed it to cool, forming igneous rocks with small crystals
Metamorphic rocks occur because of these two things
What are pressure and heat?
These volcano types are steep and conical, made up of lava flows and ash layers.
What are stratovolcanoes?
What is frost wedging?
When ice freezes in cracks on a rock cliff, slowly expands and eventually pushes a piece of rock off the cliff.
Name the three different types of plate boundaries.
Transform, convergent, divergent
How would you tell the difference between extrusive and intrusive igneous rocks, sandstone, limestone, and shale?
Loom at crystal size- small= extrusive, large= intrusive. Sandstone would form sand when rubbed together, limestone fizzes when exposed to acid, and shale is smooth and does not absorb liquids
Define foliation.
The layering of different minerals in rock because of pressure and heat
These volcanoes are broad, gently sloping, and made of many cooled lava flows
What are shield volcanoes?
What is one form of chemical weathering?
At what types of boundaries are tectonic plates destroyed? Where are new plates created?
Convergent subducting zones, then they are created at divergent boundaries
Explain how the Grand Canyon formed.
Rock layers formed, metamorphic rocks, followed by sedimentary, intrusive igneous rocks, then extrusive igneous rocks and finally more sedimentary rocks. Then the Colorado River began to form and started to cut through all of those layers like a knife through a cake.
You go digging at a park and eventually find a pink, brown, and red-colored rock. There is a foliation present and there are small crystals that you can see. What type of rock have you found, and what type of rock was it before that.
If you find a rock with foliation present then you most likely have a metamorphic rock. Since there are small crystals present then it must have been an igneous rock recently.
These volcanoes are steep, conical hills made up of volcanic fragments that accumulate downwind of an eruption vent
What are cinder cones?
In a river, there are two rocks of equal size. One sits in a place where the river flows slowly so that not a lot of water is pushed against the rock. The other sits in a spot on the river where the water moves quickly. Which rock will weather/erode faster? Why?
The rock in the faster-moving part of the river. The faster-moving water will bring more rock particles over time and the rocks will hit each other at a higher speed, causing more abrasion.
Describe the process by which convection in the mantle moves the plates of the earth's crust?
As crust is subducted into the mantle, it dissolves, making the magma colder and denser, causing it to sink. It comes into contact with the outer core, heating up the magma, and then causing it to rise. This creates a conveyor belt of magma that moves crust around the earth
Given the following conditions/environments tell me what types of rock layers you would find in order: ocean, volcanic eruption, swamp, desert, volcanic eruption, magma
limestone, extrusive igneous, shale, sandstone, extrusive igneous, intrusive igneous