Rocks and Fossils
Sedimentary Rocks
Igneous Rocks
Volcanoes and Earthquakes
Mountains and Metamorphic Rocks
100
This is what is created when an organism's form is preserved in a sedimentary rock layer.
What is a fossil
100
Describe how Sandstone is formed.
What is, Sand deposits in a basin, sediments get compacted from layers depositing above. Groundwater fills in the gaps between the sand. The groundwater leaves, but leaves a cement which holds the sand grains together.
100
An igneous rock that has large crystals could be classified as? Give an example.
What is intrusive igneous rock
100
Describe the ring of fire and explain why it is so seismic.
What is the area that borders the pacific ocean. It is an area where plates come together.
100
The main distinction between an igneous rock and a metamorphic rock is...
What is igneous rocks completely melt into a liquid and cool. Metamorphic rocks do not.
200
This has been the area of focus as we have explored Earth's history. It is a large area that has been uplifted above the surrounding area.
What is the Colorado Plateau
200
Describe the processes that form Shale.
What is clay and silt deposit in a swampy area. Sediments deposit on top and compress the clay and silt. As the water leaves, the clay and silt compact together forming a very soft rock called Shale.
200
An igneous rock that has very small crystals could be classified as? Give an example.
What is extrusive igneous rock.
200
What is a lithosperic plate? What are the two types of plates?
The Earth's crust is broken up into very large chunks called lithospheric plates. The lithosperic plates are broken up into to oceanic plates and continental plates.
200
Describe how a layer of sandstone could become a layer of quarzite.
What is the sandstone gets subjected to heat and pressure because of moving plates. The intense heat and pressure fuses the sand grains together to make quartzite.
300
If a paleontologist finds a fossil of an organism that only lived on Earth for a relatively short time in two separate rock layers several miles apart, what kind of fossil is this and what can be learned about the rocks.
What is index fossil and the age of the rocks.
300
Describe the process that creates limestone.
What is carbon dioxide mixes with calcium in the ocean's waters. This chemical reaction creates Calcium carbonate which precipitates out of the water. The sediment falls to the bottom of the ocean and gets compacted to make limestone.
300
Describe the Wentworth scale and explain how rocks are sorted.
The Wentworth scale is a scale that shows the sizes of rocks. Smaller rocks, called silt and clay are moved very far from their source rock because they are very light. Larger rocks like cobbles and boulders do not move very far from their source rock.
300
Describe convergent and divergent boundaries.
What is Convergent boundaries are when plates come together. Divergent boundaries are when plates move apart.
300
Describe the ideas of superposition and explain the order of events at the the Colorado Plateau. The Grand Canyon, The Colorado River The layers of the Plateau The Plateau
Superposition is the ideas that layers are deposited with older layers on the bottom. The layers of the plateau were deposited over over a very long time. The plateau was uplifted over a very long time. The Colorado River then carved out the grand canyon over a very long time.
400
A stack of rocks called a ________________ can help geologist determine __________________.
What is a rock column, and the geologic history of an area.
400
Describe the process that makes mountains like the Himalayas look like the Appalachians. Be sure to include 5 pieces of information.
Weathering and erosion.
400
Is the logic of this student correct. "I saw an intrusive igneous rock yesterday that had very large crystals. It must have formed from lava deep down inside the earth."
What is No, It would have to have formed from Magma if it were below the surface of the Earth.
400
Describe the asthenosphere and the lithosphere. Give 2 characteristics of each.
lithosphere: Sits on top of the asthenosphere. It is made up of solid rock. It's hot, but not as hot as the asthenosphere. Asthenosphere: Sits below the lithosphere. It is made up of semi solid rock. Hotter than lithosphere.
400
When I drive down the road, why do I see some rock layers in an almost vertical position? What principal explains how the layers were originally formed?
What is faulting or folding. Because of the principle of original horizontality.
500
What was Alfred Wegener's theory and what were 3 pieces of evidence that helped him develop this idea?
What is Continental Drift 1) Africa and South America fit together like a puzzle 2) Index fossils were found in the same layers on different continents. 3) Tropical fossils are discovered in frozen areas of the planet.
500
When you look at the Grand Canyon, you see several layers of sedimentary rocks. Describe the history of an area that has a rock column showing the following. Be sure to include the transformations Sandstone Shale Limestone Sandstone
What is desert, ocean, swam, desert.
500
Describe how an extrusive igneous rock could become a sedimentary rock.
What is the rock is exposed to the forces of weathering and erodes away. The sediments are deposited in a basin where they can be turned into sandstone or possibly shale.
500
Describe how the plates move.
What is the lithospheric plates sit on top of the semi solid asthenosphere. Because of convection, less dense rock rises at a spreading ridge. This pushes the plates apart. Meanwhile, old dense plates begin to subduct under continental plates, which pulls the plate back down into the mantle.
500
Describe 3 ways in which mountains are made
What is fold, fault block, plateau, dome
M
e
n
u