Sedimentary Rock
What is sedimentary rock?
Rock that has formed by the deposition, compaction and cementation of smaller particles of rock and minerals.
Name the two types of igneous rock
Extrusive and Intrusive igneous rock
How is metamorphic rock formed?
Rocks are buried deep in the Earth are formed from heat and pressure.
This type of weathering breaks down rocks through chemical processes that change the rock's chemical composition.
Chemical weathering
How does flowing water act as an agent of erosion?
it can carry rocks, soil and sediments downstream; like with rivers and waterfalls and floods.
What creates deposition on our beaches?
wave action causes sand to be deposited, building up over time.
What is the difference between lava and magma?
Lava is molten rock that comes out of the Earth and Magma is molten rock that is still within the Earth.
True or False?
Erosion and weathering can occur at the same time.
True
This type of igneous rock is characterized by having very small or non-existent crystals
Extrusive rock
What rock is marble BEFORE it metamorphic?
Limestone
Name 4 agents of mechanical weathering
wind, water(ice), living things, temperature changes,
What kind of erosion does gravity cause?
Landslides, mudslides, falling rocks
What two areas on Earth are we likely to see dunes?
Beaches and Deserts
What landforms are created by chemical weathering underground?
Caves, caverns, stalagmites, stalactites
THis is when sediments stop moving and settle into layers at the bottoms of rivers, lakes and oceans.
Deposition
This type of igneous rock is found under the surface and is slowly cooled magma.
Intrusive rock
True or False?
Only igneous rock can be changed into metamorphic rock
False any rock can be changed into metamorphic rock
This happens when a region contains many rock types, those that are more resistant to weathering will take longer to break down, creating unique landforms.
Differential weathering
What agent of erosion creates our cliffs and caves here in San Diego?
Waves
What is it called when sediments carried by a flowing river begin to pile up around the river's mouth?
A delta
what is a region's typical weather conditions over a long period of time?
Climate
What is the difference between compaction and cementation?
Compaction: layers of sediment built up over time, pressing down on the layers below.
Cementation: when dissolved minerals "cement" the grains of sediment together.
Pumice, obsidian and basalt are all types of ___________ __________________ rock.
extrusive igneous rock
Changes into slate
What does oxygen in the air or dissolved in water do to rock?
Oxygen can cause iron in minerals to rust, or oxidize. It changes iron into iron oxide.
How would slow moving glaciers create erosion and weathering?
they rip chunks of rock out of the ground as they move across the land, creating valleys
Sediments deposited in a horizontal layer, then compacted and cemented over long period time is called:
Rock Strata
This landform is a narrow strip of land that stretches along a coastline. It is usually separated from the mainland by a shallow body of water such as a bay or lagoon.
Barrier Island
What is organic sedimentary rock and name an example
rock formed from the remains of living things. Limestone is one example
Diorite and granite are examples of ______________ ______________ rock
intrusive igneous rock
What is foliation?
A physical change to rock when extreme pressure is applied to the rock from just one direction. It will form alternating bands of coloration.
What does carbon dioxide do to rock?
when carbon dioxide in air or dissolved in water, carbonic acid is formed. This can dissolve the rock.
Wind causes erosion by sediments scraping against rock and landforms, this is called....
Abrasions
Explain why a mountain top would have fossilized shells in the rocks?
That mountain top was once at the bottom of an ancient ocean or sea. The fossils are there because of layers of deposition that settled at the bottom of that sea. Then because of plate tectonics, those ancient seas are slowly pushed up to form mountain tops over long periods of time.
What kind of map shows the surface features of a region?
Topographic maps