1
The study of the moon, stars, and other objects in space
Astronomy
the spinning motion of a planet on its axis
Rotation
the amount of matter in an object
mass
What is a force?
a push or pull exerted on an object
What three features are on the moon’s surface?
Maria, craters, and highlands
the movement of an object around another object
Revolution
the periodic rise and fall of the level of water in the ocean
Tide
the partial or total blocking of one object in space by another
Eclipse
What is gravity?
The attractive force between objects
What is an axis?
An imaginary line that passes through Earth’s center and the North and South poles, about which Earth rotates
The different apparent shapes of the moon seen from earth
Phases
the force of gravity on an object
weight
The phase of the moon you see depends on what?
The phase of the moon you see depends on how much of the sunlit side of the moon faces Earth
Definition of a solar eclipse
the blocking of sunlight to Earth that occurs when the moon is directly between the sun and the Earth
Definition of a lunar eclipse
the blocking of sunlight to the moon that occurs when Earth is directly between the sun and the moon
the two days of the year on which neither hemisphere is tilted toward or away from the sun
equinox
Holes on the surface of the moon are known as
Craters
What are maria?
the dark, solid, flat areas on the moon that are made of lava
the two days of the year on which the sun reaches its greatest distance north or south of the equator
solstice
What are the terrae/highlands on the moon?
high mountain ranges
What is an orbit?
the path of an object as it revolves around another object in space
The Law of Universal Gravitation states
the scientific law that states that every object in the universe attracts every other object
What is Newton's First Law of Motion
the scientific law that states that an object at rest will stay at rest and an object in motion will stay in motion with a constant speed and direction unless acted on by a force
Differentiate between spring tides and neap tides
Spring tides have the greatest difference between consecutive low and high tides, while neap tides have the least difference between consecutive low and high tides
Define umbra and penumbra in the context of eclipses
The umbra is the darkest part of a shadow, while the penumbra is the part of a shadow surrounding the darkest part
Explain how the strength of the force of gravity can be changed
The strength of the force of gravity between two objects depends on two factors: the masses of the objects and the distance between them
Why do temperatures vary so much on the moon?
Because the Moon has no significant atmosphere to block some of the Sun's rays or to help trap heat at night, its temperature varies greatly between day and night
What causes the phases of the moon, eclipses, and tides?
The changing relative positions of the moon, Earth, and the sun cause the phases of the moon, eclipses, and tides
Earth has seasons because its axis is tilted as it revolves around the sun
How did the invention of the telescope contribute to our knowledge of the moon’s surface?
The invention of the telescope has helped us see distant objects and other important visual details that the naked eye could not see.