Gravity & Orbits
For every action (force) in nature, there is an equal and opposite reaction
Newton's 3rd Law
Roughly, how many Moon Years occur over 2 Earth years?
730
In about 140 BC, the Greek astronomer ________ further developed the Geocentric Model, which was the accepted theory for the next 1500 years.
Ptolemy
Earth's spin is called its _______ and it spins as if it was on an _______.
Rotation, axis
A body that orbits a planet?
Satellite
Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation states that every object in the universe _______ every other object.
attracts
This moon phase occurs after a New Moon.
Waxing
Early astronomer and mathematician from India, that theorized that planets shine because they reflect light from the Sun and that we orbit the Sun and that we rotated East to West.
Aryabhata
Revolution
This model was based on the theory that the Earth was at the center of the universe.
Geocentric
An object at rest stays at rest, and an object in motion stays in motion with the same speed and in the same direction unless acted upon by an unbalanced external force. This means objects resist changes to their velocity, maintaining constant motion unless forces, like friction or gravity, intervene.
What moon phase occurs when the Earth is between the Sun and the Moon.
Full Moon
What 2 prominent cultures used constellations in mythology?
Roman and Greek
Earth's path around the Sun is called an _________ and has what type of shape?
Orbit, Ellipse (Oval)
A cold mixture of dust and ice that develops a long trail of light as it approaches the sun. When it is far from the sun it is frozen. When it is close the tail of it glows because it is now hot dust and gases. ________. What is the name of the most famous one ?
Comet, Halley's Comet
The natural tendency of physical objects to resist changes in their state of motion, including changes to speed or direction. This is Newton's ____ Law
Inertia, 1st
Waning Gibbous moon phases occur immediately after what phase?
Full Moon
Greek scientist that developed a theory that we orbit the Sun and that the Earth was not the center of the universe.
Aristarchus
In each hemisphere, there is one day per year when the sun appears highest in the sky. This is called
A solstice
Streak of light produced when a small piece if rock or ice, burns up as it enters Earth's atmosphere.
Meteor or Meteoroid
Gravity between 2 objects depend on 2 things:
Mass and distance between 2 objects
Tide with the most significant difference between low and high tides are called _______ tides. Name one of the Moon Quarters or Phases, in which this occurs.
Spring, Full Moon or New Moon
Polish astronomer that continued with the Sun-centered theory and that Earth's rotation and revolution around the sun explained the observed movements of the stars and planets.
Copernicus
When the period of the day is 12 hours of daytime & 12 hours of nighttime.
Equinox
Due to the ____ & _____of Earth, the North Pole and South Pole regions receive long periods of daylight, and then long periods of nighttime.
Tilt, Revolution