Earth's Interior
Plate Tectonics
Plate Boundaries
Earthquakes
Volcanoes
100
This is the hottest layer (about 9,000 degrees F) that is thought by geologists to be solid metal.
What is the inner core?
100
This is the name of the "supercontinent" (all the continents joined into one large land mass) that geologist believed existed 250 million years ago.
What is Pangaea?
100
This is where two plates move apart. It often occurs at the the mid-ocean ridge and on land where a rift valley forms.
What is a divergent boundary?
100
This is a device that measures the strength of an earthquake.
What is a seismograph?
100
This is the place beneath the volcano where hot, bubbling magma is trapped and then begins to rise.
What is a magma chamber?
200
These are the two types of crust.
What are continental and oceanic crusts?
200
This is when one plate slides and sinks under another further into the mantle and deep-ocean trenches and mountains are formed.
What is subduction?
200
This is a place where two plates rub and slip past each other in opposite directions. Earthquakes often occur here.
What is a transform boundary?
200
This is the point inside the Earth where energy is released and the earthquake begins.
What is the focus?
200
This is a wide area in the Pacific Ocean where there is a lot of seismic and volcanic activity.
What is the "Ring of Fire?"
300
The process where hot material inside the Earth rises and then cools and falls causing the tectonic plates to move, shift, and collide.
What is the process of convection?
300
In 1910, a German scientist, Alfred Wegener began the theory of ___________ _______ because he felt that the continents once fit together like a jigsaw puzzle and that there were fossils, rocks and evidence from glaciers on different continents that were similar.
What is continental drift?
300
This is when two plates collide or come together. Eventually the more dense (heavier) plate sinks and dives under the other plate. Mountains are sometimes formed.
What is a divergent boundary?
300
This scale from 1-9 measures the strength of an earthquake.
What is the Richter scale?
300
These two components in great volume often make a volcano very explosive.
What are water and silica?
400
The crust and the upper part of the mantle make up this rigid layer of Earth where the tectonic plates are.
What is the lithosphere?
400
In 1962, a geology professor from Princeton University wrote a theory that stated this forms at the mid ocean ridge when the sea floor spreads.
What is new oceanic crust? (just crust is acceptable)
400
These are breaks in the Earth's crust along the edges of the boundaries where rocks have slipped past each other
What are faults?
400
This scale from I - XII measures/rates the actual damage caused by an earthquake.
What is the Mercalli scale?
400
This tall, explosive type of volcano has a high silica content and is a combination of two others. It is composed of lava, ash and cinder.
What is a Composite volcano? (Stratovolcano)
500
The soft, hot, liquid part of the mantle that carries the Earth's plates through convection currents.
What is the asthenosphere?
500
This is truly the longest chain of mountains in the world.
What is the mid-ocean ridge?
500
This constant, slow motion of material in the mantle is what actually causes the plates to move in many directions and the end results are great changes on Earth.
What are convection currents?
500
These very strong seismic waves that cause more damage travel only through solids at a slower rate of about 4.5 km/sec and move up/down and side to side like a worm.
What are Secondary waves?
500
List 4 reasons how volcanoes affect the Earth. (no question needed here)
-destroy buildings/other structures -dam (block) rivers causing drought and flooding -causes death to all living things -ash and gasses can block sunlight -temperatures on Earth drop (There are other examples.)
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