Volcanoes and plate tectonics
Define hotspot
A region of hotter than normal rocks in Earths mantel that may be a source of magma for some volcanos in the interior of tectonic plates.
Define bomb
A large , molten pyroclastic mass ejected from volcanoes.
Define volcano
A mountain formed by eruptions of lava or pyroclastic material.
Define earthquake
Sudden shake in the ground caused by sudden release in energy.
Define ash
A powdery residue left after burning.
Define caldera
A large volcanic Crater.
Define cinder
A pea sized pyroclastic particle.
Define shield volcano
A large volcano with a broad dome shape.
Define magma chamber
A pool of molten rocks or partially molten rocks in earths crust, often beneath volcanoes.
Define pluton
An intrusive igneous rock body such as a batholith, dike, or sill.
Define moho
The crust mantle boundary, characterized both by a change in rock composition and a change in seismic wave velocity.
Define dike
An igneous intrusion where magma has pushed into fracture in Earths crust. If layers are present in the crust, a dike cuts across those layers.
Define cinder cone
A small volcano built mainly from loose pyroclastic material couch as cinder and lapilli.
Define S wave
A type of seismic wave that travels through earths interior.
How does pillow lava form.
When lava flows into a body of water.
Define mantle
The thick layer in earth's interior between the crust and the core, composed of dense silicate rocks such as peridotite.
Define block
A large, solid pyroclastic particle ejected from volcanoes.
Define basement rock
The deeper granitic and gneissic parts of earths continental crust.
Define crust
The outermost layer of the solid earth, composed largely of granitic or gabbroic rock.
Define aa
A basaltic lava flow that breaks up into sharp fragments as the lava advances.
Define P wave
A seismic wave that causes particles in earths crust to move back and forth in the same direction that the wave is traveling .
Define pyroclastic
Having to do with materials that are expelled through the air from a volcano.
Define xenolith
A fragment of a foreign rock enclosed with another, typically igneous, rock.
Define focus
The point beneath earths surface where an earthquake originates.
Define lahar
A thick, dense mixture of water and pyroclastic material that flows down the slope of a volcano.