Earth's Layers
What are the four layers of Earth from outside to inside?
Crust, Mantle, Outer Core, Inner Core
What is a mineral?
A natural, solid, pure substance with a crystal structure
What rock forms when magma cools?
Igneous
What is weathering?
Breaking rocks into smaller pieces
Which layer is the thickest?
The mantle
How are rocks different from minerals?
Rocks are made of two or more minerals
Sediments pressed together form which rock?
Sedimentary
Difference between weathering & erosion?
Weathering breaks; erosion moves
Which layer is liquid and makes Earth’s magnetic field?
Outer core
Name two mineral properties.
Hardness, color, streak, luster, cleavage/fracture
Heat and pressure form which rock type?
Metamorphic
Name two agents of erosion.
Water, wind, ice, gravity.
What state of matter is the inner core?
Solid
Igneous rocks form how?
From cooling magma or lava
What melts rock into magma?
Extreme heat underground.
What is deposition?
Dropping sediments in a new place
How do temperature & density change deeper in Earth?
Both increase (hotter and heavier)
Give the definition of each rock type.
Igneous rocks form when magma or lava cools and hardens.
Sedimentary rocks form when small pieces of rock, sand, shells, or dead plants get pressed and cemented together.
Metamorphic rocks form when existing rocks get changed by strong heat and pressure, but do NOT melt.
Why is it called a cycle?
Rocks change over and over forever
What is a real-world example of erosion and deposition?
Grand Canyon, Beaches, Rivers