Weathering
Erosion by Gravity and Water
Erosion by Wind and Glaciers
Soil
100

Is frost wedging an example of mechanical weathering or of chemical weathering?

Mechanical

100

What is a large fan of sediment that forms where a stream enters a larger body of water?

Delta

100

What is the process of forming hard surfaces in desert areas by erosion by loose sediments.

Deflation

100

Where do native soils come from?

The weathering of local bedrock
200

What is the breaking off of rocks by layers?

Exfoliation

200
What does rainfall do to particles?

Loosens and kicks them up

200

What are large hills formed from deposited sand?

Dunes

200
What is the term for using land practices that help to keep the soil in one spot so that harmful erosion is lessened?

Soil conservation

300

Why is water an agent of chemical weathering?

Because of the acids naturally found in it

300
What is creep?

Extremely slow mass wasting (downward movement of soil and rocks)

300

What is glacial drift?

All of the deposited sediments from glaciers

300

What soils are normally very fertile?

Ones that have sufficient water (though not too much) and plenty of dead organic material

400

Define carbonic acid and humic acid.

  1. Carbonic acid - formed from CO2 dissolving in water

  2. Humic acid - formed when water dissolves decaying plant matter

400

What is mass wasting?

The downward movement of rocks and soil by gravity alone

400
What is deflation?

The process of forming hard surfaces in desert areas by erosion of loose sediments

400

List four factors that affect the rate of soil formation.

  1. Fast chemical weathering = fast soil formation

  2. Wet areas have faster soil formation than dry areas

  3. Volcanoes cause fast formation

  4. Glaciers cause fast formation

500

List and explain five factors that affect chemical weathering.

  1. Minerals in the rock -Some minerals are more resistant to acid than others

  2.  Climate - warm and moist climates cause more chemical weathering

  3.  Topography - gentle hills hold more water than steep hills

  4.  Vegetation - holds a lot of water in the soil

  5. Amount of rock surface - more rock surface means more chemical weathering

500
How are particles deposited in streams?

Based off of size

500

What is the difference between cirques and tarns?

Cirques - bowl-like depressions carved from glaciers

Tarns - small lakes found in some cirques

500

Describe the three soil horizons, including their color.

C horizon - rests directly on top of the bedrock, consist of broken and weathered pieces of bedrock, normally has a very pale color


B horizon - contains weathered minerals from the C horizon, color depends on the type of weathered minerals


A horizon - the most fertile part of the soil, is often dark because it has a lot of humus


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