Terms to Know
What type of rocks are caused by volcanic magma cooling?
Igneous
What are microscopic solid pieces of lava that fill the atmosphere after a volcanic eruption?
Ash
What are the smallest volcanoes?
Cinder-cone
What energy heats up geysers?
Geothermal energy
What is an enlarged depression that is caused by an explosion or the collapse of a volcanic cone?
Crater
Rank the three types of volcanic emissions, from least to most dangerous.
Liquid
Solid
Gas
Which volcano has no recorded history of eruption and does not have any seismic indication of eruption?
Extinct volcano
What is the difference between a dike and a sill?
Dike - vertical igneous intrusion
Sill - horizontal igneous intrusion
Where does the geothermal gradient warm up the fastest?
Near volcanoes/volcanic activity
What is the relationship with a magma's viscosity and its silica content?
What do cinder-cone volcanoes usually shoot out?
Solid materials
What are two types of plutons?
Laccoliths and batholiths
Daily Double!!!!
What are the two types of Volcano belts, including their ranges?
Alpine-Himalayan Belt: stretches from Western Europe through Asia towards Australia
Circum-Pacific Belt: surrounds most of the Pacific Ocean
What is the difference between pyroclastic flow and pyroclastic material?
Pyroclastic flow - a hot mixture of hot solid particles and gas that flows down from a volcano
Pyroclastic material - solidified lava
What is the geothermal gradient?
The rate of temperature change
Give three uses of geothermal energy.
Heat homes
Produce electricity
Aquaculture
What are the three most common types of magma, including what they look like when they cool?
Rhyolitic magma - forms very light colored rocks
Andesitic magma - forms dark rocks with a fine-to-coarse texture
Basaltic magma - forms basalt (a very dark and common rock)
What is the difference between how Old-Earth scientists and Young-Earth scientists view how flood basalts were formed?
Old-earth scientists: flood basalts formed from Pangea breaking up 180 million years ago
Young-earth scientists: flood basalts formed from Pangea breaking up due to the flood
What is the VEI? What does it measure
VEI = Volcanic Explosivity Index
An indicator of the volcano's destructiveness
How does hot and cool water move throughout the earth's crust? How are we able to harness geothermal energy through this?
Hot water gets less dense and rises to the top of the crust. As the water gets towards the crust, it cools and becomes more dense. This leads to water moving down towards the bottom of the crust. This is known as a hydrothermal circuit.
We use this geothermal energy to heat homes, produce electricity, aquaculture, etc.