marine
movement of weathered materials by wind, water, and ice
erosion
sloping band of loose sediments, sand pebbles or mud deposited on the shore line
beach
plains with thick deposits of marine sediment above basaltic rock
abyssal plain
large, extinct, basaltic volcanoes with flat, submerged tops
guyot
amount of dissolved salts
salinity
process in which waves advancing toward shore slow as they encounter shallow water
wave refraction
submerged parts of continents
continental margin
most prominent feature in ocean basin
mid ocean ridge
rapidly flowing currents carrying heavy loads of sediment
turbidity current
collapsing wave
breaker
current that flows parallel to the shore, moves large amounts of sediment
longshore current
area where seafloor drops quickly to depths of several kilometers
continental slope
submerged basaltic volcanes
seamount
What is the average thickness of the continental crust
40km
caused by differences in temperature and salinity
density currents
submerged sandbar located in the surf zone of most beaches
longshore bar
shallowest part of continental margin extending seaward
continental shelf
deepest part of the ocean basin
deep sea trench
accumulation of deposits from turbidity currents
continental rise
a transitional layer characterized by rapidly decreasing temperatures with depth
thermocline
long ridge of sand or sediment deposited by longshore currents that is separated from main land
barrier island
What are the steps in straightening a shore line
1. waves move faster in deep water
2. wave refraction closer to shore
3. wave crests bend toward shore
4. breaker energy concentrated on tips of headlands
5. headlands undergo erosion
6. eroded material deposited as cresent-shaped beaches
7. irregular shorelines straightened by wave actions
How is the composition of beach sand determined
size depends on the energy of waves striking the coast and composition depends on source material
what is the average thickness of the oceanic crust
6-7 km
higher and lower than normal tides caused by solar tides influencing lunar tides
spring tide