Chapter 6 Vocabulary
An instrument that measures the earth’s waves
Seismometer
The shapes and structures on earth’s surface
Landforms
Contrast Monoclines, Anticlines, and Synclines
Monoclines - smooth step
Anticlines - Arches
Synclines - troughs
Mountainous areas have _____ relief.
Plaines and Plateaus have _____ relief.
High, Low
Name either of the terms used to describe the depositing of sediment after erosion.
Sedimentation/Deposition
Any kind of shaking of the ground measurable by seismic instruments
Earthquake
Highest point on a hill or a mountain
Summit
Contrast these three types of fault boundary motions:
Divergent
Transform
Convergent
Divergent - Pulling apart
Transform - Up and Down
Convergent - Colliding together
Which has more mountains:
Mountain Range or Mountain system
Mountain system
Which mountain has the highest elevation in the world?
Mount Everest
Measure of force exerted within an object
Stress
A detailed description, often on a map, of the natural and artificial features of an area.
Topography
Contrast Elevation and Height
Elevation - Sea Level to Summit
Height - Base to Summit
(Bonus: What is the difference between the base of a mountain and and Sea level?)
The wearing away of land due to gravity, flowing water, or wind is called _______
Erosion
Wager up to 500
Name the device that is able to measure any change in speed. (Hint: I told you that there is one in most cell phones)
Accelerometer
Cracks formed when rocks under stress begin to fail
Joint
Having to do with the making of mountains through tectonic processes
Orogeny
Name 2 differences between P waves and S waves
(Bonus name up to 4)
P Waves: Travel through solids and liquids, shorter wave length, smaller amplitude, arrive first
S Waves: Travel through only solids, longer wave lengths, larger amplitude, arrive second
Mountains are to hills as _____ are to _____
Mesas, Buttes
Which mountain has the largest actual height?
Mauna Kea
When rocks on either side of a crack move
Fault
A steep-sided valley framed by normal faults parallel to the length of a valley
Graben
Give an example of each type of stress:
Compression
Tension
Sheer
Compression - Stepping on a can
Tension - Tug of war
Sheer - Knife through skin
The place where earthquakes are detected is called a _____ _____. (Bonus, how many of these are required to locate the epicenter of an earthquake)
Seismic station, 3
How is a fold mountain able to have smoothly folded rock strata?
Sediment was soft at the time of formation