P & S waves
Tsunamis
Diagrams
Earth's Interior
Earthquakes
100
Which seismic waves arrive first, P-waves or S-waves?
P-waves.
100
What is the most common cause of a tsunami?
Large earthquakes below or near the ocean floor.
100
What page of the reference table is this?
10
100
What two layers make up the lithosphere?
Crust and rigid mantle.
100
What is the area directly above the earthquake's origin called?
The epicenter
200
Which type of seismic wave travels through solids only?
S-waves.
200
At which type of plate boundary do most tsunamis occur?
Convergent plate boundaries.
200
Name the symbol
Convergent plate boundary
200
What layer lies directly beneath the lithosphere and is described as plastic-like?
The asthenosphere.
200
What instrument records ground movements during an earthquake?
Seismograph
300
If a P-wave travels 6,800 km, how long will it take approximately?
10 minutes and 20 seconds
300
What immediate actions should people take to stay safe from an approaching tsunami?
Move to higher ground, evacuate coastal areas, move inland, listen for alarms, and follow evacuation routes.
300
What type of fault is this?
Transform
300
Which layer of Earth's interior is liquid, preventing S-waves from passing through?
The outer core.
300
Which scale measures earthquake energy release, with each level 10 times stronger than
The Richter Scale.
400
How do scientists determine the epicenter of an earthquake?
By using triangulation from at least three seismic stations and the distance from each.
400
In 1883, the eruption of Krakatau caused tsunamis. How tall were the waves that came ashore?
Up to 40 meters.
400
What type of fault is this?
Normal
400
What elements make up Earth’s core?
Iron and nickel.
400
Which scale is based on people's experiences and damage reports?
The Mercalli Scale.
500
What is the difference in speed between P-waves and S-waves responsible for?
The difference in arrival times at a seismic station, which helps locate the epicenter.
500
How fast did the Krakatau-generated tsunami waves travel across the ocean?
Approximately 530 km per hour.
500
What type of diagram is this?
Seismogram
500
How do scientists learn about Earth’s interior?
By studying seismic waves from earthquakes and examining meteorites.
500
What is the "Ring of Fire"?
An area around the Pacific Ocean where many earthquakes and volcanoes occur.