rock stress and deformation
What is stress for rocks?
- the movement of tectonic plates
What causes earthquakes
movement at plate boundaries
What is a seismologist
- a scientist who studies seismic waves from earthquakes
What is magma called when it reaches the earth's surface?
- lava
What forms a volcano?
hotspots and movement of tectonic plates
- magma and gas building up
What is tensional stress? Give an example.
the pulling apart of 2 plates
- pulling apart a piece of pizza
What is a divergent boundary?
plates moving apart
What is a seismograph
- a machine that measures waves from an earthquake
What is the place on the earth's surface right above the magma?
hotspot
What is the depression that forms around the vents of volcanoes
crater
What is compressional stress? Give an example.
two plates coming together, a car crash
What is a convergent boundary?
where tectonic plates move toward each other
What word refers to the strength of an earthquake
What are the two types of lava?
pahoehoe: smooth
AA: rocky
What is the name for the section of the globe where majority of volcanoes occur?
ring of fire
What is shearing stress? give an example.
two plates sliding past each other. severe earthquakes
What are some causes for an earthquake?
- volcanoes
- explosions/ collapsing buildings
- breaks in the earth's crust
the greater the _________ the greater the magnitude of an earthquake
stress
- built up from the tectonic plates pressing against each other
What are two signs a volcano is about to erupt?
- a bulge in its surface
- earthquakes
What two things erupt out of a volcano?
- volcanic ash
- volcanic bombs
What is the difference between faulting and folding?
faulting: the breaking of rock
folding: the bending of rock
what is seafloor spreading?
the creation of new crust from rising magma at the midatlantic ridge
What is the theory of continental drift?
that at one point all continents made up one supercontinent Pangea
What type of volcano is the largest and pours thick lava out of one main vent
composite
What type of volcano has multiple vents and thin lava?
shield volcano