E.’s Layers & Earthquakes
a vibration of the earth produced by the rapid release of energy within the lithosphere.
what is earthquake
the hypothesis that states that the continents once formed a single landmass, broke up and drifted to their present locations
what is continental drift
the theory that pieces of Earth's lithosphere are in constant motion, driven by convection currents in the mantle
what is plate tectonics
a hole in the earth's crust through which molten lava and gases erupt
what is volcano
the term used for the processes of folding, faulting, shearing, compression, or extension of rocks as the result of various natural forces
what is Deformation
the point inside the Earth where an earthquake begins
what is focus
greek word meaning "all Earth" when all the continents were together
what is Pangaea
large pieces of the earth's crust that move due to convection currents
what is plates
a volcano that is erupting or has shown signs that it may erupt in the near future
what is an active volcano
The force per unit area acting on a solid is called ______.
what is stress
the thin, rocky outer layer of earth
what is crust
who developed the theory of continental drift?
what is Alfred Wegener
earth's crust located under the ocean
what is oceanic crust
Broad volcano with gently sloping sides built by nonexplosive eruptions of basaltic lava that accumulate in layers.
what is shield volcano
During mountain building, compressional stresses often bend flat-lying sedimentary and volcanic rocks into wavelike ripples called folds what is this called?
what is folds
the rigid outer layer of earth, including the crust and upper mantle
what is lithosphere
What does the animal and plant fossil evidence state?
what is fossils of the same extinct animal species are found on continents on different sides of the oceans. Fossils of the same extinct ferns are found on many continents across oceans.
when two oceanic plates pull apart, magma rises and new crust is formed
what is seafloor spreading
a substance's resistance to flow
what is viscosity
term used for fractures in the crust along where the movement has taken place
what is fault
solid, dense center of the Earth. Made of iron.
what is inner core
sound waves bounce off the ocean floor giving scientists data about its topography
what is sonar
the circular movement of a substance due to changes in temperature and density
what is convection currents
The opening through which molten rock and gas leave a volcano
what is vent
the san Andreas fault is a ______ - _____ fault.
what is a strike-slip fault