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How are igneous rocks are formed?
When magma crystallizes
Where is lava located?
Above or on Earth's surface
Where is magma located?
The process that breaks down large rocks into smaller rocks is called what?
Weathering
The continuous changing and remaking of rocks is called what?
The rock cycle
The process that moves broken down material is called what?
Erosion
Pieces of solid material (rocks and minerals) that have been deposited on Earth’s surface are called what?
Sediments
What are intrusive igneous rocks?
Rocked formed from magma that cool slowly beneath Earth's surface
Which 2 elements are the most abundant in magma?
Oxygen and Silicon
What are extrusive igneous rocks?
Rocks made from lava that cool quickly above/on Earth's surface
Metamorphic rocks that lack mineral grains and have no visible layers have which type of texture?
Nonfoliated
Fossils are one of the best-known feature of which kind of rocks?
Sedimentary
Metamorphic rocks with wavy layers and bands of minerals have what kind of texture?
Foliated
When mineral growth cements sediment grains together into solid rock, this process is called what?
Cementation
Which compound is the most abundant in magma and has the greatest effect on magma formation?
A. CO2
B. H2O
C. SiO2
D. NaCl
Silicon - SiO2
Bedding is
A. Horizontal layering
B. Result from evaporation
C. Percentage of open spaces between grains
D. The breaking down of materials
A. Horizontal layering
For metamorphism to occur, high pressure is obtained by what?
A. Volume of water in the rocks
B. Weathering and erosion
C. Nearby igneous intrusions
D. Weight of overlying rock
D. Weight of overlying rock
Obsidian is an example of what kind of rock?
Extrusive igneous
Granite is an example of what kind of rock?
Intrusive igneous
When very hot water reacts with rock and alters its chemistry and mineralogy what kind of metamorphism has occurred?
Hydrothermal metamorphism
As inclined layers of sediment move forward across a horizontal surface, what type of bedding forms?
A. Graded-bedding
B. Clastic
C. Bedding
D. Cross-bedding
D. Cross-bedding
The process whereby some minerals melt at low temperatures while other minerals remain solid is called what?
Partial melting
Rocks that are dark-colored and have crystals on the surface are called what?
Ultramafic rocks
The process wherein different minerals form at different temperatures is called what?
Fractional crystallization
Which two factors increase for metamorphism to occur?
Temperature and pressure
Rocks that are light-colored and have high silica content are called
Felsic rocks
In the rock cycle, igneous rocks undergo uplift to then be exposed to what?
A. Magma
B. Weathering
C. Pressure
D. Melting
B. Weathering
What is used to form organic sedimentary rocks?
The remains of past-living things
Breifly describe graded-bedding
Particle sizes become progressively heavier and coarser towards the bottom layers
In the Bowen’s reaction series, the left side represents which type of change (continuous or discontinuous) and involves which mineral group?
Discontinuous (abrupt) and the Fe-Mg (Iron Magnesium) mineral group
Limestone is an example of what specific kind of rock?
Organic sedimentary rock
In the Bowen’s reaction series, the right side represents which type of change (continuous or discontinuous) and involves which mineral group?
Continuous and the Feldspar mineral group
When igneous intrusions come in contact with solid rock, a local effect occurs called what?
Contact metamorphism
When specifically looking at the rock cycle, which rocks do metamorphic rocks usually form from?
Sedimentary rocks
Evaporation of water leaving behind minerals can form what specific kind of rock?
Chemical sedimentary rocks