Crust & Mantle
This outermost, solid layer of the Earth is the thinnest layer where we live.
A) Mantle
B) Crust
C) Outer core
D) Inner core
Answer:
B) Crust
The Earth's core is primarily composed of which two heavy, magnetic metals?
A) Gold and silver
B) Iron and nickel
C) Copper and zinc
D) Aluminum and lead
Answer:
B) Iron and nickel
These are the fastest-moving body waves that push and pull rock, and can travel through both solids and liquids.
A) Secondary Waves / S-Waves
B) Primary Waves / P-Waves
C) Surface Waves
D) Love Waves
Answer:
B) Primary Waves
This vast region on the opposite side of the Earth receives no direct S-waves because they get blocked by a liquid layer.
A) P-Wave Shadow Zone
B) S-Wave Shadow Zone
C) Crustal Gap
D) Mantle Dead Zone
Answer:
B) S-Wave Shadow Zone
This thickest layer of the Earth makes up about 84 percent of Earth's volume.
A) Crust
B) Lithosphere
C) Mantle
D) Outer core
Answer:
C) Mantle
This layer of the core is in a liquid state, and its swirling motion generates Earth's magnetic field.
A) Inner core
B) Outer core
C) Mantle
D) Crust
Answer:
B) Outer core
These body waves move rock side-to-side and cannot travel through liquids.
A) Rayleigh Waves
B) Sound Waves
C) Secondary Waves / S-Waves
D) Primary Waves / P-Waves
Answer:
C) Secondary Waves / S-Waves
When seismic waves cross from the mantle into the outer core, they bend due to the sudden density change. What is this bending called?
A) Refraction
B) Reflection
C) Diffraction
D) Dispersion
Answer:
A) Refraction
What is the name of the boundary line that separates the Earth's crust from the underlying mantle?
A) Gutenberg discontinuity
B) Lehmann discontinuity
C) Moho (Mohorovičić discontinuity)
D) Richter boundary
Answer:
C) Moho (Mohorovičić discontinuity)
This layer of the core is solid despite extreme heat, held together by immense pressure.
A) Inner Core
B) Outer Core
C) Asthenosphere
D) Lithosphere
Answer:
A) Inner core
Which seismic waves roll along the Earth's surface and typically cause the most structural damage during an earthquake?
A) Body Waves
B) Surface Waves
C) Core Waves
D) Primary Waves
Answer:
B) Surface Waves
300: Why does an S-wave shadow zone form on the opposite side of the Earth from an earthquake?
A) S-waves travel too fast for seismographs to record them
B) S-waves are blocked or stopped completely by the liquid outer core
C) S-waves bounce straight back to the surface like a mirror
D) S-waves turn into surface waves when they hit the mantle
Answer:
B) B) S-waves are blocked or stopped completely by the liquid outer core
This is the rigid outer shell of the Earth which is broken into massive pieces called tectonic plates.
Answer:
Lithosphere
The process of liquid iron circulating in the outer core to create a magnetic field is known by this term.
Answer:
Geodynamo or Convection Currents
As seismic waves pass from less dense rock into much denser rock layers, what happens to their speed?
The speed of the seismic waves increases.
This major boundary separates the solid lower mantle from the liquid outer core, discovered because S-waves suddenly disappear here.
Answer:
Gutenberg Discontinuity
This is the semi-fluid, plastic-like upper layer of the mantle allows tectonic plates to glide smoothly across it.
Asthenosphere
Scientists estimate that the extreme temperatures of the inner core are roughly as hot as the surface of what celestial body?
The Sun
What sensitive instrument is used by scientists to detect, measure, and record the strength and duration of seismic waves?
Answer:
Seismograph
This boundary separates the liquid outer core from the solid inner core, discovered by Danish seismologist Inge Lehmann.
Answer:
Lehmann Discontinuity