The Scientific Method / Properties of Earth
Plate Tectonics
Earthquakes
Volcanoes
Rocks and Minerals
100
the study of the solid Earth
Geology
100
definition-Divergent Boundaries
Plates are moving away from one another
100
Cause of Earthquakes (Describe Plate Motion)
At transform and convergent (subduction) boundaries, plates moving past each other cause stress to build up and then release energy causing earthquakes
100
Volcano (define)
Any structure that brings magma from below the surface, erupting lava onto the surface
100
Intrusive vs. Extrusive Igneous Rock (Define)
Intrusive – Rocks that form underground Extrusive – Rocks that form above ground (Volcanic Eruptions)
200
the study of the Earth's oceans and water
Oceanology
200
definition-Continental-Continental Convergent Boundaries
Continents collide with continents and press together to form mountains.
200
what are the 3 Earthquake Waves
Primary Waves, Secondary Waves, Surface Waves
200
Lava (define)
Melted rock located above the Earth’s surface
200
Three Classes of Sedimentary Rock – Textures (Define)
Clastic – Made From a Collection of Smaller Rocks or Sand Chemical – Dissolved Minerals Harden After Water Evaporates Organic (Biologic) – Rock Made From Once-Living Things
300
the study of the atmosphere
Meteorology
300
Continental-Oceanic Convergent Boundaries
Oceanic crust sub ducts under the continental crust and forms trenches on the ocean floor and volcanoes on land.
300
Ring of Fire (Define)
The nickname of the region bordering the Pacific Ocean where 80% of all earthquakes occur on Earth
300
Two Types of Mafic Lava (List and Describe)
Pahoehoe – Cools slowly and has a ropy texture AA – Cools quickly and has a jagged texture
300
Foliated Texture (Define)
Minerals are compressed and flattened, so it looks like stripes
400
the study of everything outside of the Earth
Astronomy
400
Oceanic-Oceanic Convergent Boundaries
One oceanic crust subducts under the other and forms trenches and volcanic islands.
400
Intraplate Earthquakes (Define)
Earthquakes that occur in the middle of plates and not at plate boundaries. Occur rarely and are not as powerful.
400
Four Types of Pyroclasts / Felsic Lava (List and Describe)
Volcanic Dust – Smallest particle Volcanic Ash - 2nd smallest particle Lapilli - 3rd smallest particle Volcanic Bombs – Largest particle
400
Process forming Metamorphic Rock (Explain)
Intense Heat and Pressure Underground Morphs the Rock
500
The Scientific Method (List Steps in Order)
1. State the Problem 2. Gather information 3. Form a hypothesis 4. Test the hypothesis 5. State a conclusion
500
Transform Boundaries
Plates move side by side past one another which can causes earthquakes.
500
Focus “Hypocenter” (Define)
The point underground where the stress is released along the fault and seismic waves are created.
500
Parts of a Volcano Diagram (List and Describe Each Part)
Ash Cloud – Cloud of Ash and Dust when a composite volcano erupts Conduit – Tube where magma rises through a volcano Crust – Layer of Earth the volcano sits on Magma Chamber – Where magma is stored below a volcano Vent – Opening where lava erupts onto the surface Side Vent – Additional Openings on the sides of a volcano Volcanic Layers – Hardened layers of lava that make up a volcano
500
Rock Cycle Diagram – (List steps and Processes in Order)
Magma -> Crystallization -> Igneous Rock -> Weathering and Erosion -> Sediment -> Cementation and Compaction -> Sedimentary Rock -> Heat and Pressure -> Metamorphic Rock -> Melt -> Magma
M
e
n
u