Living a Sedimentary Lifestyle
Materials that get left behind after the water evaporates from a solution
What are chemical precipitates?
Contain atoms of only one type of element.
What are native elements?
The color of a mineral’s powder that does not change.
What is streak?
A rock that forms from slowly cooled magma, containing the minerals quartz and feldspar.
What is granite?
A type of igneous rock composition that is made mostly of light minerals such as quartz and feldspar.
What is felsic?
Sediments can also be made up of ________ material, the remains of once-living organisms.
What is organic material?
One carbon atom bonded to three oxygen atoms.
What are carbonates?
Describes the reflection of light off a mineral’s surface.
What is luster?
A rock that contains minerals with useful elements.
What is an ore?
A type of igneous rock that forms above Earth’s surface.
What is extrusive or volcanic?
When substances crystallize or fill in the spaces between the loose particles of sediment
What is cementation?
Salts that form when salt water evaporates.
What are halides?
A measure of whether a mineral will scratch or be scratched.
What is hardness?
Rocks are formed by the compaction of sediments.
What are sedimentary?
A type of igneous rock that forms inside the Earth.
What is plutonic?
When sediments are squeezed together by the weight of layers on top of them
What is compaction?
One or two metal elements combined with oxygen.
What are oxides?
The tendency of a mineral to break along certain planes to make smooth surfaces.
What is cleavage?
Rocks that form when molten material cools and hardens.
What are igneous?
A type of igneous rock that contains more than 90% mafic minerals.
What is ultramafic?
The hardening of layers of loose sediment into rock
What is lithification?
Contain sulfur atoms bonded to oxygen atoms.
What are sulfates?
Aa break in a mineral that is not along a cleavage plane.
What is fracture?
Rocks formed when heat and pressure transform an existing rock into a new rock.
What are metamorphic?
A type of igneous rock composition that is made mostly of dense, dark minerals like olivine and pyroxene.
What is mafic?