Earth Science 101
Astronomy
What are testable scientific predictions for phenomena known as?
Hypotheses, hypothesis, a hypothesis
An inorganic solid with a specific chemical composition can also be termed what?
A mineral
What do we call magma that has flowed out onto the Earth's surface?
Lava
What type of rock texture is known for large crystals surrounded by fine grains?
Porphyritic texture
What is the study of the materials that make up the earth called?
Geology
What written tool may scientists use to share their findings with others?
A lab report
Name four ways that minerals can be classified?
1. Color 2. Luster 3. Chemical composition/characteristics 4. Weight
Wind, water, chemical processes, or any other activity can lead to the depositing of these types of rocks.
Sedimentary
What type of rock texture forms from trapped gas bubbles and has a "spongey" appearance?
Vesicular texture
What is the region of the earth from the surface to the center known as?
geosphere
The various methods, processes, and procedures used to investigate scientific phenomena are grouped together as the what?
Scientific method/methods
What term describes a jagged or arclike breakage in a mineral?
Fracture
What term describes the process where a rock is altered through chemical means?
Chemical weathering
What factor causes magma to rise up through the Earth's crust?
buoyancy
What is the frozen portion of the Earth's water called?
The cryosphere
Scientific laws do what?
They tell you WHAT happens in nature essentially every time
What two components do all carbonates have?
A metal and a carbonate ion
What term describes the process where sediments are glued into solid rock?
Cementation
What did Wegener's hypothesis miss that would have helped him in his explanation?
an explanation for how the continents moved
Which sphere refers to all of the organisms on Earth and their environments?
the biosphere
The amount of space an object occupies is its?
Volume
Rocks composed of fragments of other rocks and minerals are also known as what?
Clastic rocks
What do we call the transformation of a rock's physical form without chemical changes?
Physical weathering
What technology uses sound waves to measure ocean depth?
Sonar