Earth Science 1
When should you use a field study?
When something has to be studied in its natural setting.
What Earth systems occur on Earth's surface to make and destroy rocks?
Weathering, erosion and deposition become sedimentary rocks eventually. Metamorphic-heat and pressure Igneous-heating and cooling
What are the three classes of rock?
Igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic
Review the process of mantle convection.
As atoms in the Earth's core and mantle undergo radioactive decay, energy is released as heat. This hot, less dense mantle rises toward the cooler crust. As the mantle cools it becomes denser and sinks back down where it circulates back to heat up again.
Define control.
A subject taking part in an experiment that is not involved in the procedures affecting the rest of the experiment. (CONTROL FREAK-Keeps things normal)
When should a scientist choose to conduct a controlled experiment?
When specific measurements and a control are needed to find the answer to a question.
How do we learn about Earth's history?
Fossils give info about changes in the environment and lifeforms. Sedimentary rock gives info about geological history, jagged mountains are younger than smaller, worn mountains. Tree rings, sea floor sediment and ice core samples.
Define weathering, erosion and deposition:
Weathering-breaking down of rocks by chemical or physical means into smaller sediments Erosion,-movement of sediments by water, wind, ice or gravity Deposition-depositing , laying down or sediments coming to rest in a new location.
Identify what features could form due to movement of tectonic plates.
Tectonic plates float on the surface of the churning mantle, which results in plates moving. Ocean basins, mid-ocean ridges, rift valleys, faults, mountains and volcanoes can form from tectonic plate movement.
What is replication versus repetition?
Replication occurs when an investigation is repeated by a different person in order to see if similar results can be obtained. Repetition refers to multiple trials of the same investigation by the same person.
Describe when scientific knowledge was gained even though a hypothesis was not supported.
By examining data, even if it did not support the original hypothesis, it can lead to a new hypothesis.
Describe a tectonic plate.
Lithosphere divided in pieces called tectonic plates, move around on the asthenosphere. Plates move at different speeds in different directions. The continents are located on plates and move with them. Can contain both continental and/or oceanic crust.
What is the difference between chemical and physical weathering?
Chemical weathering breaks the bonds of minerals and changes the chemical composition of the rocks Physical weathering changes the shape and size of rocks
What is the independent variable?
The variable INTENTIONALLY changed by the experimenter.
Why are scientific investigations replicated?
Replication provides support to an investigation so that the results are more likely to be accepted in the scientific community.
Identify the benefits and limitations of models
Benefit-Models can demonstrate how something works. Limitation-It may not be the actual size or the exact materials.
Explain why the Law of Superposition is referred to as relative dating.
The law of superposition is the principle that states younger rocks lie above older rocks, in undisturbed layers of rock. It's referred to as relative dating because a rock's age is determined by the rocks around it.
Which of the Earth's compositional layers makes up each physical layer?
Lithosphere- crust Lower-Listhosphere- mantle Asthenosphere- mantle Mantle(Mesosphere)-mantle Outer Core-core Inner Core-core
What is the dependent variable?
The variable being measured or observed in a controlled experiment. What you are collecting DATA on.
What are the three compositional layers of Earth?
Crust, Mantle and Core
List different examples of models
Mathematical equations, computer simulations, maps, globes, etc.
How does a mathematical model help you understand science concepts?
Mathematical models can be helpful in identifying patterns in data which can help scientists make predictions.
Identify and describe how volcanoes can form not only near the boundary of plates, but also in the middle of a crustal plate.
Hot spots can form within the hottest part of the mantle-a mantle plume
Define constant.
The thing that stays the same (does not vary)
hat are the five physical layers of the Earth?
Lithosphere, Asthenosphere, Mantle (Mesosphere), Outer Core, Inner Core