Plate Tectonics
What are the 4 main layer of the Earth?
Inner core. Outer core. Mantle. Crust.
Most of the volcanoes formed around the ring of fire due to ____________.
Subduction Zones
What type of plate boundary causes the most earthquakes combined with fault zones?
Transform
What is the main difference between intrusive igneous rocks and extrusive igneous rocks?
Cooling below ground vs above ground.
On the Mohs Hardness Scale diamond is the hardest mineral. What is its hardness?
10
Why is the inner core solid while the outer core is not?
Pressure from the layers above.
Volcanoes that do not form near plate boundaries are a result of ____________.
Hot Spots
A phenomenon where saturated, loosely packed soil temporarily loses strength and behaves like a fluid, often triggered by earthquake shaking or other rapid loading is called?
Liquefaction
What two things are needed to create metamorphic rock?
Heat AND Pressure
What makes quartz different colors?
Chemical impurities
Two plates moving towards each other is call a _____________ boundary.
Convergent
What are the 3 main types of volcanoes?
Shield, Cinder Cone, Composite
P-waves or primary waves can travel through solid and liquid rock while s-waves or secondary waves can only travel through solid rock. Which one is faster?
P-Waves
The process by which the sediments left behind from weathering are removes and deposited elsewhere is called?
Erosion
If you have two minerals and you want to see which one is harder how would you find out using nothing but the minerals themselves.
See which one will scratch the other.
A long time ago all the continents formed a giant landmass called?
Pangaea
A volcano that has not erupted recently but could some day erupt again is called ___________.
Dormant
How many seismographs are need to find where an earthquake originated?
3
What is a parent rock?
The original rock that exists before heat and pressure cause metamorphism to occur.
Name 2 properties of a mineral that you can see just by looking at it.
Color, Cleavage/Fracture, Luster
Movement between the inner and outer core causes Earth's _____________. Which blocks high energy solar particles from entering the Earth's atmosphere allowing life to flourish.
Magnetosphere
Water underground is superheated by magma.
What is the difference between the focus and the epicenter?
Focus is the point deep within the Earth's crust where the earthquake originates. The epicenter is the point directly above the focus on the surface.
_______________ sedimentary rocks form from the precipitation of minerals from water
Chemical
What mineral is found in electrical wiring in houses?
Copper