Layers of the Earth
What Earth is mainly composed of
What is rock?
German scientist Alfred Wegener came up with this theory
What is Continental Drift?
Hot, molten rock deep below Earth’s surface
What is magma?
A sudden movement of the Earth’s crust caused by the release of stress accumulated along geological faults or by volcanic activity
What is an earthquake?
The percentage of Earth that is covered by water
What is 75%?
Made of solid iron and nickel
What is inner core?
Super-continent
What is Pangea?
Volcanoes currently not erupting, but the record of past eruptions suggests that they may erupt again
What are dormant volcanoes?
Scientific study of earthquakes
What is seismology?
Name for the crust and upper part of mantle
What is lithosphere?
Oceanic or Continental? This is the thickest crust.
What is continental crust?
The process of new oceanic crust forming as magma rises toward the surface and solidifies
What is sea-floor spreading?
A huge, glowing could of hot ash and dust can race downhill at 200 mph and can be hotter than 1300 degrees Fahrenheit
What is a pyroclastic flow?
Break in Earth's crust
What is a fault?
Where two tectonic plates collide with each other
What is convergent boundary?
When the outer core circulates the inner core
Lots of earthquakes happen at this boundary
What is transform boundary?
Volcanoes with gently sloping sides and can be enormous
What are shield volcanoes?
The point beneath Earth’s surface where rock breaks under stress and triggers an earthquake
What is focus?
Resistance to flow
What is viscosity?
This occurs in the mantle and makes the plates move
What is convection current?
A volcanically active place that is far away from a plate boundary
What is a hot spot?
Most destructive seismic waves
What are surface waves?
Fastest seismic waves
What are primary waves?