What is the ratio of a mineral’s mass to its volume?
100
A tsunami can occur when there is vertical movement at a fault under ____.
What is the ocean floor?
100
What are factors that affect the melting point of rock?
What are confining pressure, composition of the rock, and water content?
100
What type of rocks are formed by processes powered by the sun?
What are sedimentary rocks?
100
An earthquake’s epicenter is ____.
What is the place on the surface directly above the focus?
200
Volcanic island arcs are associated with what type of plate boundary?
What is a convergent oceanic-oceanic boundary?
200
The Moho is ____.
What is the boundary between the crust and the mantle?
200
A scientific hypothesis can become a theory if ____.
What is the hypothesis is tested extensively and competing hypotheses are eliminated?
200
Where might the damage from an earthquake measuring 6.8 likely be the greatest?
What is an area with older brick structures?
200
Structures that form from the cooling and hardening of magma beneath Earth’s surface are ____.
What are plutons?
300
All of the energy that drives Earth’s rock cycle comes from ____.
What are the Earth's interior and the Sun?
300
How much of an increase in wave amplitude is seen from an earthquake measuring 5.4 on the Richter scale compared to one measuring 4.4?
What is ten times?
300
As the temperature of lava increases, ____.
What is its viscosity decreases?
300
The trace that records an earthquake from seismic instruments is called a ____.
What is a seismogram?
300
What type of volcanoes have very steep sides, often come in groups, and are usually less than 300 meters high?
What are cinder cone volcanoes?
400
The tendency of minerals to break along smooth flat surfaces is called ____.
What is cleavage?
400
What is the force that causes earthquakes called?
What is elastic rebound?
400
What are 3 agents of metamorphism?
What are heat, pressure, and hydrothermal solutions?
400
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of minerals?
a. formed by inorganic processes
c.either liquid or solid
b. crystalline structure
d. definite chemical composition
What is either a liquid or a solid?
400
The broad, slightly dome-shaped volcanoes of Hawaii are ____.
What are shield volcanoes?
500
Tsunamis are ____.
What are waves often generated by movements of the ocean floor?
500
The Hawaiian Islands are associated with what type of volcanism?
What is intraplate volcanism?
500
What are the four main layers of the Earth?
What are the inner core, outer core, mantle and crust?
500
The combined layers of the upper mantle and crust are also referred to as the?
What is the lithosphere?
500
What four spheres of the Earth are studied in Earth Systems?
What are the geosphere, the atmosphere, the hydrosphere, and the biosphere?